Juniata River
| Juniata River | ||
 The catchment area of the Juniata River |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | US : 1214680 | |
| location | Pennsylvania (USA) | |
| River system | Susquehanna River | |
| Drain over | Susquehanna River → Atlantic Ocean | |
| source |
Raystown and Frankstown Branch near Alexandria 40 ° 33 ′ 40 ″ N , 78 ° 4 ′ 5 ″ W |
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| Source height | 201 m | |
| muzzle | in the Susquehanna River near Duncannon Coordinates: 40 ° 24 '3 " N , 77 ° 0' 49" W 40 ° 24 '3 " N , 77 ° 0' 49" W |
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| Mouth height | 103 m | |
| Height difference | 98 m | |
| Bottom slope | 0.68 ‰ | |
| length | 145 km | |
| Catchment area | 8800 km² | |
| Drain at Newport, Pennsylvania level |
MQ |
206 m³ / s |
| Right tributaries | Tuscarora Creek | |
| Medium-sized cities | Lewistown , Huntingdon | |
 Juniata River in Riddlesburg , PA. |
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The Juniata River is a 145 km long tributary of the Susquehanna River in central Pennsylvania in the United States . With its wide, flat bed, the river is picturesque in sections and flows between several mountain ranges and through steep-walled breakthrough valleys . It formed a border region in Pennsylvania in the early 18th century and was the site of Native American attacks on white settlements during the French and Indian War . The catchment area of the river, which is about two thirds forested, covers an area of about 8800 km² and forms about one eighth of the catchment area of the Susquehanna River. The river is the second largest tributary of the Susquehanna River, after its West Branch .
Run
The Juniata River has its origin in the center of Huntingdon County in the small settlement Ardenheim , about 5 km southeast of Huntingdon . It is created by the confluence of two source rivers, the Frankstown Branch and Raystown Branch . It flows to the southeast, penetrates a gap in the chain of Jacks Mountain , on the southeast side of which Aughwick Creek joins from the south. Flowing along the flank of the mountain range, the water reaches Lewistown , where the Kishacoquillas Creek flows out. From then on, it winds its way on a south-easterly course, picks up Tuscarora Creek coming from the right and breaks through the Tuscarora Mountain range . Buffalo Creek joins northwest of Newport before the Juniata River flows into the Susquehanna River about two kilometers northeast of Duncannon , about 15 miles northwest of Harrisburg .
origin of the name
The word Juniata is a corruption of the word Onayutta , German about monolith . One such stone was on the spot where the town of Huntingdon is now. According to legend, the stone was about four meters high and the history of the local Oneida clan was recorded on one smoothed side . The stone disappeared in 1754 when the tribe moved away; these should have taken him. The settlers in the area put up a new stone, but it was destroyed in 1897. A fragment of it is in the museum of the Juniata College .
history
The first known inhabitants of the river valley were Indians from the Onojutta-Haga people . The Lenape later lived here until a treaty negotiated by William Penn opened up the land east of the Allegheny Ridge of white settlement. In 1755 and 1756, the white settlers at Kittanning, on the Allegheny River, suffered violent attacks and captures by Lenape and Shawnee , angry at the loss of their land. More than 3,000 white settlers were killed in the fighting. The burning down of Fort Granville in 1756 prompted Governor John Penn to retaliate against Lenape and Shawnee, led by Lt. Col. John Armstrong and led to the destruction of Kittanning.
During the 19th century, a side canal was built along the river that was part of the Pennsylvania canal system and competed with the Erie Canal . The state sold the canal to the Pennsylvania Railroad , which abandoned it in 1899 after a severe flood . Parts of the original locks and the rest of a dam about two kilometers south of Millerstown are still visible today.
The river is popular with canoeing and fly fishing enthusiasts , especially black bass and Ictalurus punctatus . Muscles were used for sport fishing and are now a popular catch. The state is trying to relocate the once numerous Alosa sapidissima , whose population had disappeared due to numerous dams. Another abundant species of fish is the eyeglass .
The winner of the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize Galway Kinnell wrote in the section "Dear Stranger, Extant in memory by the Blue Juniata" his work "The Book of Nightmares" (1971) across the river.
Hydrology
The river cuts through several mountain ranges running from southwest to northeast, which consist mainly of sandstone and the valley floors are predominantly limestone . Several of the tributaries are polluted, including Kishacoquillas Creek , but the river itself is considered fairly clean based on local conditions. There are only two cities with more than 10,000 inhabitants, Altoona and Lewistown, in the catchment area of the Juniata River . An industrial development of the area was prevented by the steep banks along large parts of the river.
The United States Geological Survey operates several gauges on the river . At Newport, the average annual runoff is 206 m³ / s, with the highest observed value being 740 m³ / s and the lowest recorded being 38 m³ / s.
literature
- Dennis P. McIlnay. Juniata, River of Sorrows . The book is a detailed description of his journey along the river, the people he met and the history of the settlement in the 17th and 18th centuries. ISBN 0-615-12214-0
Individual evidence
- ↑ USGS - GNIS - Juniata River
- ^ Earl C. Kaylor: Martin Grove Brumbaugh: A Pennsylvanian's Odyssey from Sainted Schoolman to Bedeviled World War I Governor, 1862-1930 . Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-8386-3689-6 (Accessed June 17, 2008).