Juraj Haulik

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Bishop Georg Haulik, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber , 1837
Memorial plaque for Cardinal Haulik on the house where he was born in Trnava
coat of arms

Juraj Haulik von Váralya (also Georg Havlik) (born April 20, 1788 in Trnava , † May 11, 1869 in Zagreb ) was the first Archbishop of Zagreb and cardinal of the Catholic Church. At times he was also responsible for the business of the Croatian ban and was thus the highest representative of the country.

Haulik was of Slovak origin and an important promoter of the Slovak but above all the Croatian national movement. He introduced Croatian as the language of instruction in Catholic schools and founded a society that organized and promoted the publication of Croatian books. He was also involved in founding Matica hrvatska .

Training and advancement in service to church and state

Juraj Haulik spent most of his youth in Esztergom , where his father was a civil servant. He first studied philosophy and theology in his native Trnava, which was then part of the Kingdom of Hungary, then in Győr and finally at the Vienna Pazmaneum before he was ordained a priest in 1811. At first he worked as a priest in Komorn.

From 1814 he quickly rose to the archbishopric administration of the Hungarian primate Alexander Rudnay , where he held various offices one after the other. In 1819 Haulik made his doctorate in theology. From 1825 he worked as a canon in Gran. He was an advisor to the Hungarian Royal Council of Governors in Ofen and the Hungarian Royal Court Chancellery in Vienna. Haulik was co-founder of Spolok milovníkov reči a literatúry slovenskej , a Slovak literary association.

Because of his excellent administrative skills and his politically conservative and Habsburg-loyal sentiments, he was appointed Hungarian governor's council by Emperor Ferdinand in 1830 , and at the same time he was promoted to titular bishop of Pristin . In the following year he also became a trainee lawyer at the Hungarian court chancellery .

Bishop and Archbishop of Zagreb

Bust of Cardinal Juraj Haulik in the Zagreb Cathedral

Haulik's work in Croatia began in 1832 when he was appointed Grand Provost at the Zagreb Cathedral. In 1837 he was appointed bishop of the Croatian capital. He was introduced to his bishopric at the beginning of the Croatian national movement: on the one hand, the Croatian state parliament tried to reactivate old autonomy rights in conflict with the Hungarian parliament; on the other hand, national activists had initiated a cultural movement that focused on promoting the national language, which was up to then it was neither taught in school nor used by the authorities and was only rarely used in literature. The bishop, who came from Slovakia, soon identified himself with the cultural and linguistic endeavors of the so-called Illyrian movement and supported them ideally and financially. In the state parliament he expressed sympathy for the demands of the national party directed at Hungary, but he also had a moderating effect on them, so that in 1840 the Viennese government entrusted him as a deputy (banal locumtenens) with the tasks of the (vacant) banus. In his first term of office, which lasted only two years, he advocated the introduction of Croatian as the language of instruction.

The Hungarian party in Vienna increasingly managed to make itself heard. Both her and the imperial court saw the Slavic national movements as a threat to the unity of the Habsburg monarchy. On September 7, 1842, Ferenc Haller was finally appointed a ban, who set about to Magyarize Croatia in order to finally deprive it of all autonomy rights and to be able to integrate it more firmly into the Hungarian state as an ordinary province. Haller's tough regiment led to great dissatisfaction among the Croats and, in 1845, to open resistance in Zagreb, whose crackdown also resulted in deaths. Eventually Haller was completely discredited as a ban and resigned in October 1845. Bishop Haulik was once again entrusted with the substitute. During this second substitution, the Landtag switched from Latin to Croatian. His cautious administration played a decisive role in the fact that the Croatians decided in favor of the Viennese court and against Hungary during the revolution. Not least because of this, the Hungarian revolutionary government under Lajos Kossuth treated him as an enemy of the state and expropriated his property in Hungary.

When the revolution broke out, the officer Josip Jelačić was appointed Banus on March 23, 1848 . Haulik now took more care of his ministry. In agreement with the newly appointed Banus, he knew how to enforce in Vienna and Rome that the Croatian dioceses were separated from the Hungarian church province of Kalocsa and that Zagreb was elevated to the status of archdiocese. Rome officially rose to the status of an archbishopric in 1852. The independence of the Croatian church was more or less the only lasting political success of the Croatian national movement from the revolutionary era, which also endured during the period of neo-absolutism. In the consistory of June 16, 1856 Haulik was on the proposal of the Viennese court of Pope Pius IX. elevated to cardinal priest with the titular church Santi Quirico e Giulitta . In 1860/61 Haulik campaigned for the Sabor to send representatives to the enlarged Reichsrat in Vienna, which they did. Haulik died in 1869 after 32 years in the episcopal office, his burial place is in the Zagreb Cathedral.

The bishop as a patron

Haulik's ecclesiastical offices, in particular that of the Bishop of Zagreb, were well endowed and enabled him to be extensively sponsored. The bishop and cardinal promoted art and culture, the school system and the welfare of the poor. Haulik donated two schools, suspended scholarships for students in need and supported the construction of several parish churches. In 1846 he founded a new settlement on one of his estates in the Banat , Haulikfalva named after him , now part of the Romanian community of Periam . In 1858, Haulik established a foundation for needy widows. In Zagreb he had the cathedral decorated and donated its neo-Gothic high altar. The expansion of Maksimir Park in the Croatian capital can also be traced back to Haulik. He supported the founding of the South Slav Academy in 1866 with 10,000 guilders. In 1868 he founded the Book Association of St. Hieronymus (Croat. Književno društvo sv. Jeronima ).

In his will, he appointed all the major cities of Croatia-Slavonia as heirs, who were to convert the assets allocated to them (together 80,000 guilders) into foundations for needy citizens.

Works

  • Dictio excellentissimi, illustrissimi, ac reverendissimi domini Georgii Haulik de Várallya, dei et apostilicae sedis gratia episcopi Zagrabiensis,… ad status & ordines regnicolariter congregatos, the 18th Octobris 1847 pronunciata. Zagreb 1847
  • Selectiores encyclicae literae et dictiones sacrae . 7 vols. Vienna 1850–1867 (pastoral letters and circulars)
  • Georg Haulik de Vorallya: Austria the Concordata State . Vienna 1859
  • Georg Haulik von Varallya: Authority as a principle of order and well-being in church, state and family . Vienna 1865
  • Georg Haulik von Varallya: Of freedom in moral and social relationships. Pastoral letter . Agram 1868

literature

Web links

Commons : Juraj Haulik  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Banal table in the Kingdom of Croatia . In: Court and State Schematism of the Austrian Empire , Vienna 1841, page 504
  2. ↑ a b c Zoltan Fallenbüchl: Magyarorszag főméltóságai [The highest dignitaries of Hungary 1526–1848]. Budapest 1988, ISBN 963-02-5536-7 , p. 76
  3. ↑ Only different name forms are given in this list.
personal data
SURNAME Haulik, Juraj
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Haulik from Váralyai, Juraj
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Zagreb and Cardinal of the Catholic Church
DATE OF BIRTH April 20, 1788
PLACE OF BIRTH Trnava
DATE OF DEATH May 11, 1869
Place of death Zagreb