Archdiocese of Zagreb

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Archdiocese of Zagreb
Map of the Archdiocese of Zagreb
Basic data
Country Croatia
Diocesan bishop Josip Cardinal Bozanić
Auxiliary bishop Mijo Gorski
Ivan Šaško
Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus Valentin Pozaić SJ
founding 1093
surface 4,246 km²
Parishes 205 (2017 / AP 2018 )
Residents 1,211,298 (2017 / AP 2018 )
Catholics 1,002,923 (2017 / AP 2018 )
proportion of 82.8%
Diocesan priest 331 (2017 / AP 2018 )
Religious priest 239 (2017 / AP 2018 )
Catholics per priest 1,760
Permanent deacons 15 (2017 / AP 2018 )
Friars 412 (2017 / AP 2018 )
Religious sisters 1,036 (2017 / AP 2018 )
rite Roman rite
Liturgical language Croatian
cathedral Katedrala Marijina Uznesenja i sv.sv. Stjepana i Ladislava
address Kaptol 31
p.p. 553
10001 Zagreb
Website zg-nadbiskupija.hr
Suffragan dioceses Bishopric Bjelovar-Križevci
Bishopric Križevci
Bishopric Sisak
Bishopric Varaždin
The cathedral in Zagreb

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb ( lat. : Archidioecesis Zagrebiensis , kroat. : Zagrebačka nadbiskupija ) and its ecclesiastical province is territorially and with the number of the faithful, the largest unit of the Roman Catholic Church in Croatia is It covers most of. Central Croatia and the Croatian part of the Baranya .

Almost 40% of all Roman Catholic Christians in Croatia live on the territory of the Archdiocese . Since 2009, three Roman Catholic dioceses and one Greek Catholic diocese have been directly subordinate to the archbishopric: the dioceses Bjelovar-Križevci , Sisak and Bjelovar-Križevci as well as the Greek diocese Križevci .

In addition to the Archdiocese of Zagreb, Croatia also has the following archbishopric: The Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek , the Archdiocese of Rijeka , the Archdiocese of Split-Makarska and the Archdiocese of Zadar . The Croatian capital of Zagreb is also home to the Croatian Bishops' Conference (HBK) and the military ordinariate . The current archbishop is Josip Bozanić .

history

Late antiquity and early Middle Ages

In the area of ​​today's Archdiocese of Zagreb, the Archdiocese of Siscia ( Sisak ) was located in the area of ​​the Roman province ( Pannonia Savia ), whose bishop was once St. Quirinus of Siscia (Croat. Kvirin ). After the fall of Sirmium in 441, the Archdiocese of Siscia joined the Metropolis of Salona . During the great migrations of the 6th / 7th centuries In the 19th century the historically grown archbishopric became extinct . At the first synod of Split in 925 an attempt was made to re-establish the former metropolis. This project failed.

Foundation of a diocese

The Zagreb diocese was established in 1094 by the Croatian-Hungarian King Ladislaus I (László I) . This is attested by the felicjanova isprava document from 1134. It is the oldest preserved, certified document of today's Archdiocese of Zagreb. The foundation of the diocese of Zagreb should not only pursue religious, but rather political goals. As a power support for the Hungarian kings and the Hungarian authorities (in personal union with Croatia), the Hungarians' sphere of influence was initially to be extended under the rule of King Koloman from the Drava to the Gvozd ( Posavina ) area. In order to do justice to this provision even better, the newly founded diocese of Zagreb was first subordinated to the Hungarian Archdiocese of Gran , then in 1180 to the Archdiocese of Kalocsa-Kecskemét until 1852.

The diocese of Zagreb became materially wealthy thanks to donations from the Croatian-Hungarian kings, as well as from wealthy personalities of the 12th century. The territory of the diocese was divided into archdeaconates . In the parish census of 1334 the following 14 archdeaconates are listed: Gora , Zagorje , Svetačje , Gušće , Zagreb , Dubica , Komarnica , Gorica , Kalnik , Vaška , Čazma , Bekšin , Varaždin and Vrbovec . Politically, the Croatian-Hungarian King Ladislaus I tried to involve the Croatians, who were in personal union, as quickly as possible for his purposes.

Pope Urban II opposed this . He was considered a famous defender of the Croatian kingdom. Now the king Ladislaus turned to the antipope Clement III. (Klement Wibert) to. He wanted to strengthen his position of power as well as provide an equal counterweight to Pope Urban II. The political differences between the Croatian-Hungarian Crown and the Holy See were resolved under Pope Gregory IX. settled in 1227.

The first bishop of the diocese was installed by King Ladislaus. It was either a Czech or a Slovak named Duh von Hahót . He brought valuable liturgical books to the diocese of Zagreb, which are now kept in the archbishop's library. Some of the largest churches temporarily served as cathedrals for the first bishops of the diocese . In order to remedy this, the decision was made to build a representative cathedral. The first cathedral was built on the exact spot where the present cathedral of the Archdiocese of Zagreb is located. The construction was carried out in the late Romanesque style, which prevailed in Central Europe at the time . It was completed and consecrated in 1217. At this event the Croatian-Hungarian King Andrew II was present along with bishops, other ecclesiastical and secular dignitaries.

The first cathedral was of great importance for the religious life of the diocese. In 1242, however, the first built cathedral of the Diocese of Zagreb was the invasion of the Tatars destroyed. The Chapel of St. Stephen, completed in 1250, was used as a replacement. Today the chapel is an integral part of the bishopric of the Archdiocese of Zagreb. 40 years later, construction of a new cathedral began on the ruins of the first cathedral under Bishop Timotej of Zagreb (1263–1287). The current cathedral was built in the neo-Gothic style.

Development towards a metropolis

As early as the 13th century, the bishops of Zagreb strove to elevate the diocese to an archbishopric. Their goal was to be able to break away from the Hungarian Roman Catholic hierarchy . Numerous historical records testify to these attempts.

The Zagreb Bishop Stefan II (1225-1249) was demonstrably the first proponent of a merger of the Archdiocese of Split with the Diocese of Zagreb. He aspired to become the first primate and thus to be the first archbishop to preside over the Church of the Croats. Towards the end of the 17th century, Bishop Aleksander Mikulić (1688–1694) took up this idea again and again supported the unification of the diocese of Zagreb with the metropolitan area of ​​Split. His plan was prevented by the Republic of Venice . Bishop Martin Brajković (1703–1708) again called for the diocese of Zagreb to be raised to the rank of archbishopric. Pope Clement XI. (1700–1721) as well as the Viennese court were benevolently attached to this project. Due to the sudden death of Bishop Brajković, the project was again not realized.

19th century

The centuries-old wish and the associated political problems of elevating the diocese of Zagreb to an archdiocese were reflected in the intensified process of the Croatian national rebirth . Now the Croatian parliament , chaired by Zagreb bishop Juraj Haulik de Varalya, has dedicated itself to the status of the diocese of Zagreb. When relations with the Hungarian kingdom broke off in 1848, the Croatian ban Josip Jelačić von Bužim declared the efforts of the diocese of Zagreb at the Viennese court to be an urgent task. On August 12, 1850, Emperor Franz Joseph I signed an order in which the diocese of Zagreb was elevated to an archbishopric and designated a metropolitan diocese of the Croatian-Slovenian ecclesiastical province.

Due to continued opposition from the Archdiocese of Esztergom and Kalocsa, the Holy See in Rome postponed the final decision on the status of the diocese for two years. Due to the tireless efforts of Ban Josip Jelačić, the Viennese government and also the papal nuncio and cardinal at the imperial court in Vienna , Michele Viale Prelà , Pope Pius IX. on December 11, 1852 the bull " Ubi primum placuit ". This raised the previous diocese of Zagreb to an archdiocese and metropolitan area. The dioceses Đakovo, Senj-Modruš and Križevci, which had been assigned to the Archdiocese of Kalocsa, were subordinate to the new metropolis. The papal nuncio and cardinal Michele Viale-Prela solemnly inaugurated Bishop Juraj Haulik as the first Archbishop of Zagreb in the Zagreb Cathedral on May 8, 1853 . With this historic event , the bishops and Roman Catholic Christians of the Archdiocese of Zagreb left the sphere of influence of the Hungarian Roman Catholic hierarchy. This can be seen as the first step towards complete independence and territorial sovereignty of Croatia in this epoch. This endeavor was thrown back by frequent political events (by the Tatar devastation, by aspirations of the Republic of Venice, the Ottoman Empire and because of the strict hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary).

20th century

In the 20th century, consideration was given to dividing the archbishopric. Pastoral activity should be ensured, given the size of the territory and the number of believers. The Zagreb Cardinal Alojzije Stepinac considered in the 1930s the establishment of the dioceses: Varaždin and Požega . On December 5, 2009, the Archdiocese of Zagreb gave up parts of its territory to establish the dioceses Bjelovar-Križevci and Sisak .

Head of the Archdiocese of Zagreb

The Archdiocese of Zagreb today covers an area of ​​13,495 km². The pastoral activities of the archdiocese are used by around 1,400,000 believers. Until 1997 (before the new dioceses mentioned above were created), the Archdiocese of Zagreb was one of the largest administrative units of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe . It numbered nearly 2,000,000 Roman Catholic Christians. The territorial extension was 22,795.5 km².

The archbishopric is made up of the following seven historical archdeaconates: Bjelovar-Kalnik ( Bjelovarsko-kalnički ), Čazma-Moslavina ( Čazmansko-moslavački ), cathedral ( Katedralni ), Karlovac-Velika Gorica ( Karlovačko-gorički ), Sisak highlands ( Sisačko) -gorski ), Turopolje ( Turopoljski ) and Zagorje ( Zagorski ).

These archdeaconates were founded in the Middle Ages . An easier administration of the diocese size should be made possible. The historical archdeaconates are further divided into 32 deaneries and these in turn into 312 parishes . The area of ​​the city of Zagreb falls under the so-called Archidiakonat Katedrala. It consists of 9 deaneries:

Upper Town ( Gornjogradski ) Kustodiat / Kustošija ( Kustošijski ) Maksimir Trnaja ( Maksimirsko-trnajavski ), New Zagreb / Novi Zagreb ( Novozagrebački ), Remetinec ( Remetski ) Resnik ( Resnički ) Susedgrad ( Susedgradski ) Trešnjevka ( Trešnjevački ) and Vugrovec ( Vugrovečki ) with about 80 parishes.

Cardinal Josip Bozanić has provided the Archbishop of Zagreb since 1997 . The following three auxiliary bishops were appointed for the archbishopric: Vlado Košić (since 2009 Bishop of Sisak), Josip Mrzljak (since 2007 Bishop of Varaždin) and Valentin Pozaić .

particularities

Historically, the Archbishops of Zagreb had not been entrusted with any other tasks vis-à-vis the other Roman Catholic bishops in Croatia. Since the 20th century it has become customary to emphasize the position of the Archbishop of Zagreb as "first among equals" by always assigning the Archbishop of Zagreb the cardinal title by the Holy See in Rome . In addition, the Archbishop of Zagreb provides the chairman of the Croatian Bishops' Conference and the Community of Croatian Bishops.

In 1994 the Archdiocese of Zagreb celebrated its 900th anniversary. During his first pastoral visit to Croatia from September 10-11, 1994, Pope John Paul II took part in the celebrations.

Ordinaries

Bishops

Archbishops

literature

  • Andrija Lukinović: Zagreb - devetstoljetna biskupija . Zagreb 1995. ISBN 953-6258-13-7
  • The wounded church in Croatia. The destruction of the sacred building heritage of Croatia 1991–1995 , ed. vd Croatian Bishops' Conference u. a. Zagreb 1996. ISBN 953-6525-02-X

See also

Web links