Yuri Wassiljewitsch Kondratjuk

Yuri Kondratyuk

Yuri kondratyuk ( Ukrainian Юрій Васильович Кондратюк Yuri Wassiljowytsch Kondratjuk ; Russian Юрий Васильевич Кондратюк , actually ukr. Олександр Гнатович Шаргей Oleksandr Hnatowytsch Schargei ; Russ. Александр Игнатьевич Шаргей Alexander Ignatievich Schargei ; born June 9, ^jul. / 21st June  1897 ^greg. In Poltava , Poltava Oblast , Russian Empire ; † February 25, 1942 at Kaluga , RSFSR , Soviet Union ) was a Ukrainian and Soviet engineer and theorist of space travel .

Life

His father, Ignati Benediktowitsch Schargei studied physics and mathematics at the University of Kiev . His mother, Lyudmila Lwowna Schlippenbach was possibly a descendant of Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach and taught French there. After his parents divorced, he grew up with his paternal grandmother. He studied at the Polytechnic Institute in Petrograd until the outbreak of the First World War . During his military service, he filled four notebooks with his ideas for interplanetary space flight, including a modular spaceship to reach the moon. They included detailed calculations of the trajectory now known as Kondratyuk's route or Kondratyuk's loop . In 1925 he met Vladimir Wettschinkin and sent him a manuscript of his book.

After the Russian Revolution , he left the army, returned to Poltava and worked as a stoker. During this time of great poverty he came into contact with like-minded people. In 1924, together with Konstantin Eduardowitsch Ziolkowski and Friedrich Arturowitsch Zander, he founded the Society for the Study of Interplanetary Travel ( Общество изучения межпланетных сообщений ). When he tried to flee to Poland the following year, he was detained at the border. Since he showed symptoms of typhoid , they saved the bullet. However, a neighbor was able to nurse him to health at home. His friends convinced him that, as a former officer in the tsarist army, he was in danger of being arrested as an enemy of the people, and they got him false identity papers for a Yuri Wassiljewitsch Kondratjuk , born in Lutsk in 1900 , who died of tuberculosis in 1921 . With this new identity, he moved to Novosibirsk , where he worked as a mechanic and completed his manuscript. Although his followers in Moscow were enthusiastic about it, there was no publisher who wanted to publish such an imaginative work. He paid a printer to make 2,000 copies of his 27-page work, and in January 1929 published his work Exploring Interplanetary Space .

He built a large grain elevator without a single nail. In 1930 the Interior Ministry of the USSR came up with the idea that Kondratyuk was a saboteur who wanted to bring down the plant because of the 'missing' nails, and was sentenced to three years in the gulag , where he was sent to Sharashka . Here he was supposed to develop machines for the coal mines in the Kuznetsk Basin and impressed with his ingenuity. As a result, in November 1931 he was reassigned from prisoner to deportee and was supposed to work on grain projects.

He learned of a competition organized by People's Commissar Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze to design a large wind turbine in the Crimea . Together with Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Nikitin and other deported engineers, he submitted a draft.

In 1941 Kondratyuk volunteered for the Red Army . He was believed to have died on February 25, 1942 near the village of Krivtsowo in Kaluga Oblast .

Honors

Ukrainian commemorative stamp Ju. W. Kondratyuk

Named after Kondratjuk were u. a. 1970 a crater on the back of the moon, 1977 the asteroid (3084) Kondratyuk , 1992 the Aerospace Lyceum Novosibirsk and 1997 the Technical University of Poltava .; the Aviation and Space Museum in Poltava also received the name of Kondratyuk. Furthermore, the Skaly Kondratjuka in the Antarctic are named after him.

literature

• JW Kondratjuk, Завоевание межпланетных пространств (exploration of interplanetary space), 1929.
• VP Hordulin and JS Jackiv, The Ukrainian contribution to space research , in: Der Donauraum, No. 34 (1994), ISSN  0012-5415 , pp. 126-127.
• AI Maksimov, FA Zander and Yu. V. Kondratyuk, pioneers of rocket engineering . (To the 120th anniversary of FA Zander and 110th anniversary of Yu. V. Kondratyuk), in: Thermophysics and Aeromechanics . 14, No. 4 (2007), ISSN  0869-8643 , pp. 469-492.

Web links

• Biography ( Memento from December 25, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ): Words in memory of space travel (Russian, accessed May 8, 2015).
• Biography , engineers from Russia (Russian, accessed May 8, 2015).
• Article on tyzhden.ua , Star Walkers from Poltava (Ukrainian, accessed May 8, 2015).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Space Memorial entry on Kondratjuk ( memento from December 25, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) in Russian, accessed: May 8, 2015; with reference to: Книге памяти погибших и пропавших без вести в Великой Отечественной войне. Том 7.
2. ↑ Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature , accessed May 8, 2015.
3. ↑ WEEKLY NEWSPAPER OF THE SIBERIAN DEPARTMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , accessed February 19, 2018
4. ^ Russian homepage , accessed May 8, 2015.
5. ↑ Homepage in English, accessed: May 8, 2015
6. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from February 20, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
7. ^ In the English edition The Conquest of Interplanetary Space , in: Journal of Automation and Information Sciences.