kk court and state printing house
| k. k. Court and state printing | |
|---|---|
| legal form | |
| founding | 1804 (own court and state printing house) |
| resolution | 1918 converted into the Austrian State Printing Office (OeSD) |
| Seat | Vienna |
| Branch | printing house |
The imperial-royal court and state printing house was the security printing house operating in the imperial and royal capital Vienna of the empires of Austria and Austria-Hungary until 1918 . In the first republic it became the Austrian State Printing House .
Founding & directorate Degen 1804–1827
It was founded by Emperor Franz I on September 18, 1804 as his own court and state printing house in Vienna and was owned by the Aryan (owned by the court), so it was then also called the imperial-royal court and state printing house . The purpose of the establishment was to bundle all printing work for state and court offices in a cost-saving manner in one source - including a response to price agreements with which four of the previous court printers had kept prices high. The task was "to produce print forms for the highest court and the court offices, as files, tables, but also laws, ordinances, resolutions and instructions, then to prepare the state credit papers under strict supervision."
Joseph Vincenz von Degen (1761–1827) became the first director by virtue of a contract with the Imperial and Royal Court Chamber and the Finance and Commerz Court Office from October 17, 1804 . He first sold the products intended for the public through his bookstore. Its first location was on the second and third floors of the abandoned Franciscan monastery in Singerstraße (1821–1862 City No. 913 for the entire Franciscan monastery; today Singerstraße 26A , since 1968 part of the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna ) and it had 16 up to 20 wood presses available. The initially provisional project was initially limited to one year in order to then add costs and benefits. The benefit was there and so it was operated as a provisional facility for nine more years. All complaints from the Viennese printers through requests for majesty (1806, 1807) found no positive settlement. Securities and the like were printed during the Third Coalition War (1805 to 1809) in Pest , 1809 in Großwardein (now Romania), in 1809 there was also a field printing plant, first in Gaunersdorf (now Gaweinstal , Lower Austria), then in Budwitz (now the Czech Republic). In 1812, a printing room was also set up in the previous paper magazine on the first floor. On January 26th, 1814 it was ordered that all publications are to be sold through the institution itself. With an imperial resolution of October 21, 1814, the institution became a permanent establishment and von Degen became its director on November 1, 1814.
Wolfrath management 1827–1840
After Degen's death in 1827 his previous assistant Anton von Wolfrath was appointed provisional director and in 1832 official director. Since 1831 there was a (k. K. Branch) state printing plant in Lemberg (then Galicia , now Ukraine ), which existed until 1871. On August 1st, 1834, the Hofkammer- Lithographie , founded in 1822, was incorporated into the company. After a one-story building was erected in the rear wing of the Seilerstätte, the institution received a steam engine and two simple high-speed presses in 1836. In 1839, the sale of printed matter was transferred to the school books and wear administration (today's Austrian Federal Publishing House ). Wolfrath tried to optimize company processes at the expense of the skilled trades, but did not succeed. After a while, some government agencies also had them printed elsewhere. The number of workers fell from 90 to 45 in 1840 and even these workers often had little to do for a long time. His unsuccessful management led to a forced retirement on May 30, 1840. The assistant in the lithography department, Albert Richard, became the provisional manager.
Headquarters Welsbach 1841–1866
On January 24, 1841, Alois Auer Ritter von Welsbach , the father of Carl Auer von Welsbach, was appointed director of the court and state printing company, who took up his post on March 22, 1841. This brought the company back to a contemporary standard and redesigned it vigorously, with spatial expansions and additions and superstructures over time. He calculated a new coordinated typometric system (size and width of the letters), with which he succeeded in reforming the printed letters. Bought-in fonts from other manufacturers were also specially produced using this system. In October 1844 the new system was completely converted. In February 1844 foreign-language letters began to be produced, first and foremost Arabic for a Turkish translation of the trade and shipping tracts. The quality was put on a par with the excellent quality from the state printing press in Constantinople. This stimulated further products, all of which were also incorporated into the typometric system. At the Viennese trade fair in 1845, the court and state printing company presented itself with 60 foreign-language alphabets. In 1851 there were letters in 500 domestic and 104 foreign alphabets in various sizes, which were also shown at the World Exhibition in London. There were also types in braille, in three sizes for Europe and Asia. This was the richest alphabet collection in the world at the time, and it was also shipped abroad. Under Alois Auer's direction the technique of self-printing was developed to the highest perfection.
Von Welsbach also built up an internal training program, where apprentices, some of whom came from the poorest families, were instructed in various languages during the hours of rest during the week for a small fee, primarily in Italian, Latin, ancient Greek and Hebrew and then also in French , English, Hungarian, Bohemian, Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Japanese, Chinese, and Sanskrit. On Sundays and public holidays there were lessons in geography and history as well as in all branches of typography. Furthermore, lectures on the German language, literature and drawing and writing lessons. Corporal punishment was strictly prohibited. The apprenticeship period was flexibly linked to the learning success. After the theoretical learning of three newer languages, practical skills in translation and speaking and the necessary skills for the technical department, the apprentice was acquitted . With the exception of the royal print shop in Paris, where knowledge of the alphabet in the individual languages was taught, this training was unique in Europe. From 1848 the Viennese know-how was exported to printing works from Jerusalem to Shanghai, some of which were set up by the court and state printing works for orders and bishops.
Due to the increased quality of the prints, more and more clients came and the workload was increased from 8,000 Rieße in 1840 to over 200,000 Rieße in 1850. The official printing of the Lottogefälls-Direktion Niederösterreich was incorporated in 1842. In 1844 the sale of the official fonts was transferred back to the court and state printing house from the school books wear administration. The number of all workers and employees rose from 115 in 1841 to 868 in 1850; and yet orders still had to be placed outside the company. The number of officials remained the same. Also, more and more non-official bodies asked for the use of the court and state printing press, and above all scientific and artistic works were created. The production of postage stamps began in 1849 and postage stamps in 1850 . From 1851 to 1867 there was also an Imperial and Royal State Printing House in Temesvár , which then became the Royal Hungarian State Printing House, moved to Budapest and now operates as the State Printing House OAG Hungary . In addition, a complete printing press in the Ministry of Commerce, three lithographic presses in the Ministry of the Interior and one in the Ministry of Justice were subordinate to the management. Lithographs were set up for various lieutenants and district authorities.
kuk court and state printing house 1867–1918
With the establishment of Austria-Hungary after the equalization, it became the kuk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei. On October 13, 1866, Anton von Beck (1812–1895), administrative director of the Wiener Zeitung since 1860 , while retaining this position, was appointed director of the court and state printing works. In 1882, in addition to the main building in what is now Singerstrasse 26 / Seilerstätte 8 and various warehouses, there was a typography department in the Servitenkloster am Alsergrund , a type foundry in the Dominican monastery and a printing press in the courtyard of a house in Beatrixgasse in Vienna-Landstrasse . From 1888 the new building was built at Rennweg 16 in the 3rd district of Landstrasse , where the Imperial barn had been until 1888 . The various departments were united there from 1891. After Beck's resignation in 1892, the trained soldier Hofrat Ottomar von Volkmer (1839–1901) was appointed director. In 1908 a second building was built at Rennweg 12a, a property separated from the neighboring botanical garden .
After the end of the First World War and the collapse of the monarchy, in 1918 the Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office became the Austrian State Printing House .
The Wiener Zeitung was repeatedly printed and published by the court and state printing house.
Branches
These branches were not court printing houses, only state printing houses.
- kk branch state printing house in Lemberg (also simply state printing house in Lemberg , 1831–1871)
- kk Filial-Staatsdruckerei in Temesvár (also simply Staatsdruckerei in Temesvár , 1851–1867, then ku Staatsdruckerei, moved to Budapest in 1868 and is now the State Printing House OAG Hungary )
See also
literature
- Alois Auer von Welsbach (published anonymously): History of the kk Hof- und Staats-Druckerei in Vienna, by a typographer of this establishment. (In two parts: I. History, II. Description & Appendix Items from the Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Works exhibited in London ). End of 1850, kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1851. (online version)
- Alois Auer von Welsbach: The polygraphic apparatus or the various art subjects of the Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office in Vienna . kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1853. (online version)
- To celebrate the hundredth anniversary of the KK Hof- und Staatsdruckerei . K. k. Court and State Printing House , Vienna 1904. (online version)
- Franz Stamprech : 175 years of the Austrian state printing company. Development and history of the Austrian State Printing Office . Verlag der Österreichische Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1979.
- Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna . Volume 5, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7 , p. 276 f.
- Michael Koscher: "[...] even nicer than the previous one." About calendars and calendar publishers in 19th century Vienna . Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, 2008. (online version ; PDF; 2.1 MB)
Remarks
- ↑ See also Stamprech, especially pp. 5–10.
- ^ Anton Mayer: Wiens Buchdruckergeschichte 1482–1882. Edited by the book printers of Vienna. Volume 2, 1887, p. 163.
Coordinates: 48 ° 11 ′ 42 " N , 16 ° 23 ′ 4" E