Kamchia
| Kamchia | ||
 Water catchment area and tributaries of the Kamchia (Bulgarian labeled) |
||
| Data | ||
| location | northeastern Bulgaria | |
| River system | Kamchia | |
| origin | Confluence of Luda Kamchiya and Goljama Kamchiya north Zonewo 43 ° 2 '40 " N , 27 ° 26' 33" O |
|
| muzzle | at the Roman fortress Erite in the Black Sea Coordinates: 43 ° 1 ′ 22 " N , 27 ° 53 ′ 23" E 43 ° 1 ′ 22 " N , 27 ° 53 ′ 23" E
|
|
| length | 254 km | |
| Catchment area | 5358 km² | |
| Discharge at the Titscha gauge |
MQ |
1.136 m³ / s |
| Outflow at the level at the mouth |
MQ |
26.287 m³ / s |
 The Kamchia River |
||
 The Erite fortress at the Kamchia estuary on the Tabula Peutingeriana (approx. 375) |
||
The Kamtschija (also Kamchiya, Kamchia or Kamčija, Bulgarian Камчия ) is a river in northeastern Bulgaria. At 254 kilometers in length, it is the longest river in the Balkan Peninsula that flows directly into the Black Sea. It is also the largest Bulgarian river that flows into the Black Sea. Its water catchment area covers 5358 km². The Kamchia is part of the Black Sea drainage basin .
The Kamchiya rises in the Balkan Mountains and bears her name only from the confluence of two of its tributaries: the Luda Kamchiya (Wild Kamchia or Crazy Kamchiya, bulg. Луда Камчия ) and the Golyama Kamchiya (Grand Kamchiya, bulg. Голяма Камчия ) resulting from the Eastern Balkan Mountains come. This confluence is one kilometer north of the village of Zonewo (Bulgarian Цонево ), shortly after the Luda Kamchija leaves the Zonewo reservoir .
In ancient times the river was called Panisos (Panysos), later by the Slavs it was called Titscha (Bulgarian Тича ). The current name is believed to be of Cuman origin.
Most of the Bulgarian fleet in the Middle Ages from the 9th to 14th centuries was built at the mouth of the Kamchia, because there was enough wood of high quality there. In the 18th century, the Lipovans settled on the lower reaches of the Kamchia, a Russian-speaking minority who had moved their settlement area from the mouth of the Danube to the Kamchia.
The Kamchija River began from the Great Kamchia in the Lisa Mountains (Bulgarian Лиса планина ), with a length of 244 kilometers. The lower reaches of the river can be used by smaller motor boats. The river has an average water volume of 1.136 m³ / s (near the village of Titscha - Bulgar . Тича ) to 26.287 m³ / s at the mouth.
The picturesque lower reaches of the Kamchia, up to its mouth, was declared a Biosphere Reserve of Kamchia in 1951 (Bulgarian резерват Камчия ).
This area is remarkable for its biodiversity. The lower reaches in the estuary area is often flooded and consists of an old primary forest , an alluvial forest . The freshwater swamp is crossed by marshy, old rivers that cut deep into the forest. The beach is up to 450 meters wide and has sand dunes up to 19 meters high, which are forested or grassy.
The unusual coexistence of ash , oak , elm , alder and maple , which are up to 40–50 meters tall and are entwined by lianas, give the impression of an imposing tropical rainforest .
Immediately the ruins of the Roman fortress located at the mouth of Kamchiya into the Black Sea on the left bank Erite ( 43 ° 1 '26 " N , 27 ° 53' 12" O ), also in the Peutinger is recorded. The fortress served as a fortified way station, it was on a 30 meter high hill only 200 meters from the river and the sea.
The Kamchia flows into a 50 meter wide sandy beach. Because of a spit, the river bends almost to the north from its east direction immediately at the beginning of the sandy beach and flows 300 meters along the sandy beach and parallel to it to the north, before flowing into the Black Sea. The river is around 40 meters wide at its mouth - depending on the water level.
The estuary is located between the villages of Blisnazi in the north and Staro Orjachowo in the south. The town of Dolni Tschiflik is 30 kilometers west of the estuary , Varna is 30 kilometers further north, and Sunny Beach is 50 km further south.
The river has given its name to the Kamchia Glacier on Livingston Island in Antarctica since 2005 .
Tributaries
The Kamchija has 27 tributaries, the largest tributaries are the Luda Kamchija with a length of 201 kilometers and a water catchment area of 1612 km². The second largest tributary is the Varna River with a length of 68 kilometers and a water catchment area of 938 km².
Fauns
Among other things, the following fish species can be found in the river: barbel , Barbus meridionalis petenyi , bream , carassius , river perch , channel catfish (a predatory catfish ), chub , European eel , European catfish , common sunfish , gudgeon , pike , carp , mayker , nasal , roach , Loach , bleak and rudd .
Localities
The following villages are on the river Kamchiya: Welitschkowo (Varna Province) (. Bulg Величково ) - Grodjowo (bulg. Гроздьово ) - Dabrawino (bulg. Дъбравино ) - Wenelin (village) (bulg. Венелин ) - Kruscha (Varna Province) (bulg. Круша ) - Kamchia (resort) (bulg. Камчия ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.milarodino.com/bg/nature/rivers/kamchiq ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (bulg.)
- ↑ www.bgrod.org/geografia ( Memento of the original from March 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (bulg.)
- ↑ www.hvanah.com (bulg.)
Web links
- 360 degree photo at the mouth of the Black Sea
- 360-degree photo of the jetty just before the estuary
- Environmental destruction on the Kamchia River (Bulgarian, with photos)
