Canadian currant
| Canadian currant | ||||||||||||
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Canadian currant ( Ribes americanum ) |
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The Canadian currant ( Ribes americanum ) is an upright shrub up to 2 meters high with black fruits from the gooseberry family (Grossulariaceae). The natural range of the species is in Canada and the United States. The species is rarely cultivated.
description
The Canadian currant is a 1 to 2 meter high, upright, unreinforced shrub with thin, downy hairy and yellow-glandular branches. The buds are brownish, egg-shaped, 2.5 to 5 millimeters long, hairy and glandular with a blunt tip. The leaves have a 2 to 5 centimeter long, hairy and loosely glandular petiole. The leaf blade is simple, three- to five-lobed, broadly ovate to rounded, 2.5 to 6 inches long and 3 to 7, rarely up to 8 inches wide with a heart-shaped to almost truncated base. The lobes are ovate to triangular-ovate, deeply serrated or double serrated and pointed. The middle lobe is slightly longer than the side lobes. The upper side of the leaf is glabrous, the underside is hairy along the veins . Both sides are yellow glandular. The leaves are faintly smelling.
The inflorescences are rarely from 4 mostly 5 to 8 centimeters long, hanging racemes from 8 to 20 or more flowers. The inflorescence spindles are hairy downy. The bracts are lanceolate to linear, 6 to 10 millimeters long, hairy, and loosely glandular. The flower stalks are hairy and 2 to 4 millimeters long. The flowers are hermaphroditic. The flower cup is bell-shaped, yellowish white and hairy, 3 to 5 millimeters long, with horizontally standing, elongated to tongue-shaped, 3.5 to 6 millimeter long lobes with ends bent back. The petals are yellowish white, tongue-shaped and 2.5 to 4.5 millimeters long. The stamens are about the same length or slightly shorter than the petals. The anthers are elongated with a nectarium on top. The ovary is bare. The stylus is undivided or two-lobed and about the same length to something longer than the stamens. The fruits are black, rounded, glabrous with a diameter of 8 to 10 millimeters.
The Canadian currant blooms in May, the fruits ripen from June to July.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
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Occurrence and location requirements
The natural range is in the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Québec , Alberta , Manitoba and Saskatchewan and extends to the south and southeast of the USA. The Canadian currant grows in bogs and swamps at heights of 50 to 1700 meters in swamp forests, on wet and wet meadows in sunny to light-shaded locations.
Systematics
The Canadian currant ( Ribes americanum ) is a species from the genus of currants ( Ribes ) in the gooseberry family (Grossulariaceae). It is assigned in the subgenus Ribes of the section Botrycarpum . The species was first scientifically described by Philip Miller in 1768 . The generic name Ribes is derived from the Arabic name of a type of rhubarb . The name was adopted for currants in the Middle Ages because of the sour taste of the berries of some species, which is reminiscent of the taste of rhubarb. The specific epithet americanum refers to the origin of the species.
use
The Canadian currant is sometimes used as an ornamental shrub because of its striking autumn colors . It also serves as a bee pasture.
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literature
- Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 , pp. 438 (English).
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 , pp. 17 (English).
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 537-538.
- Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 731 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ↑ German name after Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 537 and after Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 731
- ↑ a b Lu Lingdi, Crinan Alexander: Ribes americanum , in: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 , pp. 438 (English).
- ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , pp. 537-538
- ^ A b Nancy R. Morin: Ribes americanum , in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 , pp. 17 (English).
- ^ Ribes americanum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c Ribes americanum. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed May 5, 2012 .
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names, pp. 538–539
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names, pp. 56–57
Web links
Ribes americanum. In: The Plant List. Retrieved May 5, 2012 .