Kara Harp Okulu
| Kara Harp Okulu | |
|---|---|
| motto | "Yıldızların İrfan Yuvası" |
| founding | 1920 |
| place | Ankara |
| management | Brigadier General Murat Yetgin |
| Students | 4,000 |
| Website | www.kho.edu.tr |
The Kara Harp Okulu (German Army Academy , also Turkish Military Academy ) is a military academy in Ankara . She trains senior officers for the Turkish army in four-year courses .
history
In the 1820s, the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II recognized the need to modernize the military of the Ottoman Empire . He dissolved the Janissaries in 1826 and founded the Military Academy Mekteb-i Fünûn-u Harbiyye-i Şâhâne in Constantinople in 1834 , which was supposed to teach modern war techniques and strategies and to devote itself to military research. The first graduates left the academy in 1841. After the establishment of military schools in 1845, the academy became a secondary institution and trained officers in four-year courses. Up until 1908, artillery and cavalry officers were primarily trained here.
For a time there were other military academies in Edirne , Manastır , Erzincan , Damascus and Baghdad , but they were closed after a short time. This left only the War Academy in Constantinople (Istanbul). From 1883 to 1885, the Prussian military theorist Colmar von der Goltz reorganized the Ottoman military academy based on the Prussian model. Up until the First World War, other German instructors taught here, including a. Otto von Lossow .
The Turkish state founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk graduated from the Manastır Military School in December 1898 as the best of his year and enrolled at the Military Academy on March 13, 1899.
During the Turkish War of Liberation , the academy began training and training officers for modern Turkey in Ankara on July 1, 1920. The first graduates left the academy on November 1, 1920. After the Treaty of Lausanne , the academy was relocated to Istanbul.
On September 25, 1936, the Kara Harp Okulu moved back to Ankara in a new building. The courses, which had previously run as a two-year course, were extended by one year in 1948. In 1963 the period of study was reduced to two years, in 1971 the period of training was increased to three years and in 1974 to four years.
From 1974 to 1991 the academy offered an undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering , civil engineering , electrical engineering, and administration / management. At the beginning of the 1990s there was a change and the focus was on training in systems engineering . The first graduates left the academy in 1994. With the Army Law for the Military Academies , which was passed by the Turkish National Assembly on May 11, 2000 , Kara Harp Okulu became a higher educational institution and the academy was given a university structure.
Since the academic year 2012/13 students may in addition to military diploma and academic degrees at the bachelor plane in the areas of industrial and plant construction , public administration , business administration , engineering , construction , electrical engineering , international relations , computer science , engineering , sociology and surveying technology make.
After the attempted military coup in Turkey in 2016, 50 employees of the military academy were arrested.
Foreigners are now also studying at Kara Harp Okulu. In 2017/18, 324 students came from abroad, including from Azerbaijan , Albania , Georgia , South Korea and Saudi Arabia .
organization
Around 4,000 cadets are currently studying at the academy. In addition to military training, students devote around 30 hours a week to their academic studies. Previously, after primary school, they generally attended one of the three four-year military schools in Maltepe , Istanbul or Bursa . Only a few students have previously attended civilian schools, including the academy's female students, as the military schools are only open to students. Senior officers in the Turkish army must have attended the academy and commit to at least 15 years after graduation.
The Kara Harp Okulu consists of a regiment and four battalions , which are named after famous battles of the Turkish Liberation War. The 1st Battalion is the Anafartalar Battalion, the 2nd is the Dumlupinar Battalion and the 3rd is the Sakarya Battalion. Only the 4th Battalion deviates from this naming. It is named after the Battle of Manzikert , in which the Seljuks defeated the Byzantine emperor and heralded the end of Byzantium . Each battalion has its own building complex with bedrooms, cafeteria and classrooms. The cadet regiment is led by cadets who take turns in leadership during the school year. Regular officers advise the cadets.
The cadets wear school uniforms, each with a gold stripe on the shoulder piece for each year of their membership in the academy. Senior cadets with four gold stripes also wear the colors of the part of the Turkish army to which they will belong after graduation. B. Green for the infantry . The lower grades here wear blue. Each cadet also has a four-digit identification number that he receives when he joins the academy. Only Ataturk's cadet number 1283 is not awarded. The dress uniform of the cadets is no different from that of regular officers of the Turkish army, except that they wear two golden cords on the right shoulder.
Well-known graduates
- Mustafa Kemal Ataturk , Turkey's founder and first president
- Kenan Evren , General and 7th President of the Republic of Turkey
- Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu , former general and chief of the general staff between 1998 and 2002
- Salih Zeki Çolak General and since 2015 Commander in Chief of the Land Forces
- Hulusi Akar , Commander of the Army and Chief of the General Staff since 2015
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b story , Kara Harp Okulu
- ^ Mirko Heinemann: The last Byzantines. The expulsion of the Greeks from the Black Sea - a search for clues. Ch.links Verlag, Berlin 2019, p. 138.
- ↑ Foreign Officer Candidates Appreciate the Turkish Military Academy , German-Turkish Journal, January 11, 2013
- ↑ Almost 50 arrests in the Turkish Military Academy , ntv, August 2, 2016
- ↑ Facts , Kara Harp Okulu website
Coordinates: 39 ° 54 ′ 33.1 ″ N , 32 ° 50 ′ 44 ″ E