Karl Stumpp

Karl Stumpp (born May 12, 1896 in Alexanderhilf , Russian Empire ; † January 20, 1982 in Stuttgart ) was a German ethnographer of Black Sea German origin who devoted himself to Germans living abroad in Eastern Europe and Southeastern Europe . During the German-Soviet War , he headed the special unit named after him in the SS. Stumpp , who classified the inhabitants of ethnic German settlements. In the post-war periodFor many years he was chairman of the country team of Germans from Russia .

Life

Stumpp's parents were Jakob Stumpp (1864–1918) and his wife Katharina Stumpp, nee. King (1864–1945). After graduating from the German high school in Odessa , he studied between 1918 and 1922 at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen . There he participated in the founding of the Association of German Colonists Students .

Since Stumpp's homeland was now part of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic and he could not return, he went to neighboring Bessarabia in Greater Romania . From 1922 to 1933 he was a teacher at the high school for girls in Tarutino . He investigated the history of the Bessarabian Germans on a voluntary basis through research in parish and church registers. He asked the villages for the names of the people who had emigrated from Bessarabia. He also made surveys on the area of ​​land owned by the Bessarabian Germans. Stumpp gave lectures to the German population in Bessarabia and founded a university library in Tarutino, which led to the establishment of German-language libraries in other Bessarabian German settlements. In 1922 he received his doctorate in philosophy .

In 1933 Stumpp went to National Socialist Germany, where he was the country manager of the Volksbund for Germanness abroad until 1938 . He then headed the Russian-German office of the German Foreign Institute in Stuttgart . He was also an employee of the Research Center for Russian Germanism in Berlin.

During the German-Soviet War , Stumpp carried out ethnological and genealogical studies in ethnic German villages in occupied Ukraine on behalf of the German Foreign Institute and the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (RMO) . The 80-person special command Dr. Stumpp operated as a semi-military unit in the Ukraine from summer 1941 to summer 1943. In 1942 changed its name Stumpp also as head of a Sonderkommando " clan customer and folk biology " at the Reich Commissioner for the Ukraine , these task forces the Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce were assigned, ERR, and especially archives to rob had.

He prepared “village reports” on more than 300 villages in the area occupied by the Wehrmacht . The detailed demographic, cultural and racial investigations for the Nazi bureaucracy and the SS formed a basis for the population-political control of Ukrainian villages and the ethnic segregation of their population. The archives of the resettled Russian-Germans also secured the command. Many of his later works were based on this material and studies. Stumpp's superior at the RMO in Berlin was his compatriot and federal brother Georg Leibbrandt . In his diary entry of August 6, 1941, Stumpp spoke of the “liberation of Germany and Europe from the Bolshevik-Jewish plague,” for which German soldiers sacrificed their lives. He also stated in the same entry how a young pilot lieutenant of German descent who had served in the Red Army “saw the light” when he recognized, based on Stumpp's information, that “no Jew” would risk his life in the Red Army as an aviator , "Because it takes courage".

During his deployment in the Ukraine and thus also in Transnistria (Romanian occupation area) in 1941, Stumpp came into contact with the murder of Jews by Einsatzgruppen C and D and their helpers. Stumpp is accused of having compiled a list of 42,000 “intolerable Jews ” there as part of his ethnological research . He is also accused of having participated in the murder of Jews himself.

After the Second World War, Stumpp was a high school teacher in Tübingen until 1957 . For the country team of Germans from Russia he was editor of the association magazine “People on the way”.

Honors

• Federal Cross of Merit 1st Class (1966)
• Medal of Merit of the Institute for Foreign Relations (1975)

Publications

• About the original home and emigration of the Germans from Bessarabia. 1938.
• Yearbook for German clan studies abroad. Table of contents .
• East migration of the Württemberg people from 1816 to 1822.
• The emigration from Germany to Russia in the years 1763 to 1862. 1974 [1] .
• The Russian Germans - two hundred years on the road. 1965.
• A life for my nationality. Home calendar of the Bessarabian Germans 1978, Hanover 1978.

literature

• Meir Buchsweiler: Volksdeutsche in Ukraine on the eve and beginning of the Second World War - a case of double loyalty? from the Hebrew by Ruth Achlama. Bleicher, Gerlingen 1984, ISBN 3-88350-452-1 . (Dissertation at the Institute for German History at Tel Aviv University )
• Michael Fahlbusch : In the service of Germanness in Southeastern Europe: ethnopolitical advisers as perpetrators for crimes against humanity. In: Mathias Beer , Gerhard Seewann (ed.): Southeast research in the shadow of the Third Reich. Institutions, content, people . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-486-57564-3 , pp. 175-214 .
• Eric J. Schmaltz, Samuel D. Sinner: The Nazi Ethnographic Research of Georg Leibbrandt and Karl Stumpp in the Ukraine, and Its North American Legacy. In: Michael Fahlbusch, Ingo Haar (ed.): German scholars and ethnic cleansing: 1919–1945 . Berghahn Books, New York 2006, ISBN 1-84545-048-5 , pp. 51-85.
• Eric J. Schmaltz, Samuel D. Sinner: Karl Stumpp. In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People - institutions - research programs - foundations . Saur, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-11778-7 , pp. 678-682.
• Samuel D. Sinner: Special Command Dr. Blunt. In: Ingo Haar , Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People - institutions - research programs - foundations . Saur, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-11778-7 , pp. 647-651.
• Andreas Zellhuber: "Our administration is driving a catastrophe ...". The Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories and German occupation in the Soviet Union 1941–1945 . Vögel, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-89650-213-1 (also dissertation at the University of Augsburg , 2005).
• Hans-Christian Petersen: The Making of Russlanddeutschtum. Karl Stumpp or the mobilization of an 'ethnic group' in the interwar period, in: Minorities in Europe in the interwar period. Scientific conceptions, medial communication, political function. Kiel Studies in Folklore and Cultural History, 12th ed. Cornelia Eisler, Silke Götsch-Elten. Waxmann, Münster 2017, pp. 163–190

Web links

• Literature by and about Karl Stumpp in the catalog of the German National Library
• Photo by Karl Stumpp 1973

Individual evidence

1. ^ Karl Stumpp: The German colonies in the Black Sea area, the former New (South) Russia, - an attempt at settlement and economic geography . dissertation
2. ^ Eric J. Schmaltz, Samuel Sinner: Karl Stumpp. In: Ingo Haar , Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People – institutions – research programs – foundations . Saur, Munich 2008, p. 680.
3. ↑ Nazarii Gutsul: The Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce and its activities in Ukraine 1941-1944 , Dissertation Giessen, 2013, p 251ff.
4. ↑ Samuel D. Sinner: Sonderkommando Dr. Blunt. In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People – institutions – research programs – foundations . Saur, Munich 2008, p. 648.
5. ↑ These so-called "Stumpp surveys 1941-1942" were z. B. published in the "Heimatbuch der Deutschen aus Rußland" in the years 1956 to 1964, the successor to his paper Volk auf dem Weg ( ISSN  0438-9255 ). There are uncritical people who use this material without comment until today, e.g. B. Mennonite history and genealogy web page, sample page with positive reference to Stumpp
6. ↑ Samuel D. Sinner: Sonderkommando Dr. Blunt. In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People - institutions - research programs - foundations . Saur, Munich 2008, p. 650.
7. ^ Ingo Haar: Historians under National Socialism and the historicization of the “Third Reich” as a research problem , in Hsozkult , September 27, 2000
8. ↑ Eric J. Schmaltz, Samuel D. Sinner: The Nazi Ethnographic Research of Georg Leibbrandt and Karl Stumpp in Ukraine, and Its Norh American Legacy. In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (Eds.): German Scholars and Ethnic Cleansing, 1919–1945 . Berghahn Books, 2005, ISBN 1-57181-435-3 , p. 74. There with reference to Joseph S. Height: Dr. Georg Leibbrandt: Scholar, Author, Publisher. In: same: Homesteaders on the Steppe: Cultural History of the Evangelical Lutheran Colonies in the Region of Odessa, 1804–1945 . North Dakota Historical Society of Germans from Russia, Bismarck, ND 1975, p. 396.