Tarutyne
Tarutyne | ||
Тарутине | ||
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Basic data | ||
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Oblast : | Odessa Oblast | |
Rajon : | Tarutyne district | |
Height : | 88 m | |
Area : | 3.99 km² | |
Residents : | 6,080 (2004) | |
Population density : | 1,524 inhabitants per km² | |
Postcodes : | 68500 | |
Area code : | +380 4847 | |
Geographic location : | 46 ° 11 ' N , 29 ° 9' E | |
KOATUU : | 5124755100 | |
Administrative structure : | 1 urban-type settlement | |
Address: | вул. Красна 201 68500 смт. Тарутине |
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Statistical information | ||
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Tarutyne ( Ukrainian Тарутине ; Russian Тарутино Tarutino , thereof German Tarutino , Romanian Tarutina , Greek Thyratyna) has been an urban-type settlement in Odessa Oblast in southern Ukraine since 1957 . Located 118 km west of Odessa, the settlement is the center of Tarutyne district .
history
The place is located in the area of the former Principality of Moldova , which was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire . With the Peace of Bucharest (1812) , the Budschak came to the Russian Empire . The new acquisition was treated as a colonization area and initially assigned to the Governor General of New Russia . In a manifesto of 1813, Alexander I (Russia) called German colonists into the country to colonize the newly won steppes in New Russia. Here in 1814 German emigrants founded Tarutino as the first German colony in Bessarabia . The village is one of the 24 Bessarabian German mother colonies. They were established by immigrants, while daughter colonies were later established by residents of the mother colonies.
Most of the emigrants who settled here in 1814 came from northern Germany. Among them were about 500 people from Prussia, 250 from Prussian Poland and 90 from Mecklenburg. Only about 70 came with the Swabian train from southern Germany. Therefore, Low German was spoken in the place. When choosing the settlement site, a water source was decisive. Originally the place was called "Elisabeth" at the behest of the Russian settlement authority, later it was renamed Tarutino. This is based on the Russian victory in the Battle of Tarutino against Napoleon during the Patriotic War in 1812 near the village of Tarutino in the Kaluga governorate .
The settlement owes its good economic development to a weekly market set up in 1826. Later there was a grain, horse, wine and wood market. Tarutino was the largest Bessarabian German settlement in Bessarabia with around 3,700 inhabitants in 1940. Two of the three higher schools of the Bessarabian Germans were located in the village:
- Evangelical-German Girls' School ( Higher Daughter School ), opened in 1878
- Evangelical-German boys' lyceum , opened in 1906
The settlement belonged to the Russian Empire until 1918 and then came to the Kingdom of Romania . After the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia in the summer of 1940, covered by the Hitler-Stalin pact , the approximately 1,600 German Bessarabia local residents joined in the fall of 1940, the resettlement into the German Empire under the slogan Heim ins Reich on. From 1941 to 1944 the village was occupied by Romania, after which it was part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic . It has been part of independent Ukraine since 1991.
ethnicities
According to the Romanian census of 1930, 3500 Germans, 1550 Jews, 500 Russians, 150 Bulgarians and 100 Romanians lived in Tarutino.
Business
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, numerous industrial companies settled in the village, for example a cloth factory, brewery, dye works, spinning mill, foundry, steam mill, brickworks, printing works and dairy factory. In the retail sector there were shops for shoes, glass, haberdashery, leather, banks, and bookshops. The Bessarabian Germans developed a cultural life with sports and educational clubs.
Personalities
- Andreas Widmer (1856–1931), Bessarabian German farmer and politician from Wittenberg
- Lev Israilewitsch Gutenmacher (1908–1981), Jewish computer scientist from Tarutino, pioneer of computer technology
- Israel Gohberg (1928–2009), Jewish mathematician from Tarutino
- Lucian Pintilie (1933–2018), Romanian director, actor and screenwriter from Tarutino