Serpnewe

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Serpnewe
Серпневе
Serpnewe coat of arms
Serpnewe (Ukraine)
Serpnewe
Serpnewe
Basic data
Oblast : Odessa Oblast
Rajon : Tarutyne district
Height : 51 m
Area : 3.17 km²
Residents : 1,836 (2004)
Population density : 579 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 68522
Area code : +380 4847
Geographic location : 46 ° 18 '  N , 29 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 17 '57 "  N , 29 ° 1' 7"  E
KOATUU : 5124755900
Administrative structure : 1 urban-type settlement
Mayor : Ivan Sakara
Address: вул. Леніна 174
68522 смт. Серпневе
Statistical information
Serpnewe (Odessa Oblast)
Serpnewe
Serpnewe
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Serpnewe (Ukrainian Серпневе ; Russian Серпневое / Serpnewoje , German Leipzig , Romanian also Leipțig ) is an urban-type settlement with around 1,800 inhabitants in Ukraine . It is located west of Odessa in Odessa Oblast on the border with the Republic of Moldova , the city on the other side of the border is Basarabeasca . Located about 20 km northwest of Tarutyne on the Kohylnyk River, it is part of the Tarutyne district .

history

Emergence

The place lies in the historical landscape of Bessarabia . The area of ​​Bessarabia came in 1812 in the Treaty of Bucharest from the Ottoman vassal state of Moldova together with the Budschak to the Russian Empire . The new acquisition was treated as a colonization area and initially assigned to the Governor General of New Russia . In a manifesto of 1813, Tsar Alexander I called German colonists into the country to colonize the newly won steppe areas in New Russia. Here, German emigrants founded Leipzig in 1814 as village number 8 . The place belongs to the 24 Bessarabian German mother colonies. They were established by immigrants, while daughter colonies were later established by residents of the mother colonies. The emigrants who settled here in 1814 were 126 German families. They arrived in the area of ​​what would later become Leipzig in three trains in autumn 1814. Because of the impending winter, they looked for quarters in the nearby Moldovan villages. To found the village, the Russian authorities measured a piece of land in the vast steppe landscape, which was only grazed by herds of cattle. It was 11.5 km long and 7.7 km wide. In the spring of 1815, each family was allocated an area of ​​60 desjatines. The land remained the property of the municipality and was left to the settlers for hereditary use. The village was laid out as a street village with a 50 meter wide main street. It was 5 km long. Each individual courtyard had an area of ​​a desjatine and was 43 m wide and 260 m long on the street front.

Name and economy

In 1815 and 1816 the settlement was named "Skinos". It is derived from the Moldovan name of the Kohylnyk river on which the settlement was founded. Later it was briefly named "Catharinensruh" or "Katharinenruh" after Catherine the Great . From 1817 until the Germans were resettled from Bessarabia in 1940, it was called "Leipzig". It is derived from the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in 1813. Under the direction of the Russian settlement authority, many settlements in Bessarabia places of victorious battles in the newly established were Patriotic War against Napoleon named.

As in all villages of German emigrants, all residents in Leipzig were active in agriculture. Over time, trade and handicrafts developed in the place. These included grain, grist and oil mills, two dairies, a cloth factory, a clay brickworks and, from 1934, a foundry that produced agricultural machinery such as cleaning mills, corn setters, wine presses and corn vine machines. From 1912 onwards, more and more artesian wells were built to supply water .

The Leipzig railway station, built in 1877 on the Bender – Galați railway line , contributed to the town's economic upturn. Basarabeasca , located on the same route north of Leipzig, became a railway junction with the Odessa – Basarabeasca railway line.

In September 1927 there was a severe flood disaster in Leipzig. Heavy rains caused large amounts of water to build up in the valley of the Kohylnyk River on the embankment north of the village. When the dam broke, a tidal wave streamed towards Leipzig. 31 people and almost 1,400 pets were killed. Almost 1000 buildings were completely destroyed.

Inner order

Ethnic distribution in Leipzig based on the Romanian census of 1930, 2150 Germans, 100 Russians, 50 Jews, 50 Romanians

In administrative terms , Leipzig belonged to the Klöstitz Regional Office , which was founded in 1818 and was dissolved in 1924. In the founding phase, the children did not receive any school lessons, which began in 1829 and took place in their own schoolhouse from 1868. Ecclesiastically, Leipzig initially belonged to the parish of Tarutino . A church was consecrated in 1826 after eleven years of construction, interrupted by a religious dispute. It was destroyed by lightning in 1893, rendering it unusable. Until a new church was built in 1908, the service took place in the school building for 1,000 visitors. In 1926 the parish of Leipzig was founded.

In Leipzig there was competition between the inhabitants of the lower and upper villages, which was more pronounced than in other Bessarabian German settlements. The residents spoke a dialect that was rather rare in Bessarabia. It was a mixture of Low German and High German, which was called Kashubian. The Swabian dialect was predominantly used among the Bessarabian Germans.

Affiliation

Like all of Bessarabia, the Leipzig settlement belonged to the Russian Empire until 1917. After the First World War it was Romanian territory from 1918 . As a result of the Hitler-Stalin Pact , the Red Army occupied Bessarabia at the end of June 1940. After the conclusion of a resettlement agreement between the Soviet Union and the German Reich in September 1940, the approximately 2,300 residents of German descent were given the opportunity to resettle on a voluntary basis. Almost all authorized persons made use of this in September and October 1940. The residents were brought to the German Reich via the port of Galatz on the Danube and by train, where they were resettled after a stay in resettlement camps in the Wartheland . From 1944 (and briefly from 1940 to 1941) the village belonged to the Soviet Union . During the Second World War, many houses in Leipzig were destroyed by acts of war. A sovkhoz was established in the village when it was part of the Soviet Union . The church was demolished and a new school building was built with the stones in 1959. Almost 700 students were taught during the weddings, today (2015) there are around 250. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the village has been on Ukrainian territory. Since January 10, 1947, the place has been an urban-type settlement.

See also

literature

  • Albert Kern (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch der Bessarabiendeutschen . Aid committee of the Evangelical Lutheran Church from Bessarabia, Hanover, 1964
  • Egon spokesman (ed.): Serpenewoje - Leipzig. 1815 to 2015. The development of a Bessarabian village. , Nuremberg, 2015

Web links