Karl von Rosenkampff

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Baron Karl von Rosenkampff (Arvid von Cederwaldin 1833)

Karl von Rosenkampff ( Russian Карл Андреевич Розенкампф ; born October 17, 1793 Laiuse , Estonia Governorate ; † September 17, 1846 in Helsinki , Grand Duchy of Finland , buried in Kamppi ) was a Finnish-Russian engineer for waterways and fluid mechanics . He came from the German-Baltic noble family Riesenkampff called Rehekampff . He received several high Russian awards, was an engineer general and head of the Finnish engineering department for roads and waterways. In this role he played a key role in the planning and later construction of the Saimaa Canal .

Life

Karl v. R. began his engineering training in 1810 at the Institute of Engineering and joined the engineering corps of the Imperial Russian Army . From 1811 to 1814 he studied at the Road and Water Traffic School of the Russian Engineering and Civil Engineering Institute. His teacher was the founder of the first technical university in Russia Agustín de Betancourt . At the same time he was promoted to lieutenant , he completed his civil engineering degree in 1814 and was seconded to the maintenance and care of canals along the southeast coast of Lake Saimaa . Together with his uncle Gustav Adolph von Rosenkampff , he was raised to the status of Finnish baron in 1817 . In 1819 he was promoted to engineer captain and from 1824 to 1825 he received the planning contract for a waterway from Lake Ladoga , along the Vuoksi River and through Lake Saimaa, which was postponed for financial reasons. In 1827 Rosenkampff was appointed head of the Finnish engineering department for roads and waterways, which he was to exercise until 1846. In the meantime he was promoted to colonel in 1832 . In 1835, the construction of the Saimaa Canal was taken up again, as it was expected that this structure would not only have military advantages, but also economic and ecological advantages. Thanks to his many years of experience, Rosenkampff gained a good reputation among the Finnish population and farmers and was nicknamed "Baron of the Canals" or "Rapids Baron". In 1842 he was appointed major general. The male line of the family died out in Finland in 1927.

Military waterway construction in Finland

Four small waterways in Finland

After 1806, under the leadership of the Russian tsarist empire, the rebuilding of Old Finland began and it became the Grand Duchy of Finland . The commander of the Russian troops in Finland was Alexander Wassiljewitsch Suworow , he had the Russian outposts in Finland expanded and wanted to secure the waterways between Sweden and Finland, for this purpose he intended to convert the natural waterways into navigable waterways. He planned to use the new waterways as direct access to Sweden for the Russian warships . For this purpose, the so-called "four smaller canals" were first built by soldiers and the population, these were the: Kutveleen Canal, Kyaukhkiai Canal, Kukonharyu Canal and Telateipale Canal. During the first 12 years of his activity, Karl von Rosenkampff played a key role in the planning and construction of these canals. The four canals later became an economic success and today, with their landscapes, represent a modern waterway concept.

The largest company, with which Rosenkampff and, from 1849, the Swedish engineer Nils Ericson were entrusted, was the construction of the Saimaa Canal, which over the Ladoga Lake, along the Vuoksa and through the Saimaa Lake and finally an access to the city of Vyborg Gulf of Finland should create. Rosenkampff's plan, which developed the idea of ​​lowering the water level of the Saimaasee in order to push the canal construction through it, is described as a technical challenge. This huge project was under the patronage and direct support of Tsars Alexander I and Nicholas I , because at the same time the canal construction was intended to reduce , if not even prevent, the risk of flooding in Saint Petersburg. For cost reasons, this waterway project was postponed in 1825 and only taken up again in 1835 and carried out from 1849, i.e. only after the death of Rosenkampffs, but he remained the "spiritual father" of canal construction in Finland.

  • Saimaa Canal

  • Kutvelee Canal

  • Kukonharjun Canal

  • Telataipaleen-Karnal

honors and awards

In his honor, a memorial stone was placed on the Saimaa Canal at the height of the Parvila Gate. In recognition of his achievements, he was awarded with the following medals order decoration decorated:

Origin and family

Coat of arms of the Finnish barons Rosenkampff

Karl v. R. came from the Rosenkampff lineage , which belongs to the German-Baltic noble family Rehekampff . This family had lived in the Baltic States since the beginning of the 16th century. His father was the Swedish major and councilor Kaspar Heinrich von Rosenkampff (1764-1818), who was married to Anna Karolina Louise von Ceumern (1768-1810). Karl was married to Aurora Antonia Hartmann (1803–1832) from 1828 to 1832 and to Augusta Johann Turdin (1809–1871) from 1834 to 1846. The two marriages resulted in the following descendants:

  • Maria von Rosenkampff (* / † 1829)
  • Karl von Rosenkampff (1834–1875), Lieutenant Colonel
  • Olga von Rosenkampff (1836–1837)
  • Alexander von Rosenkampff (1838–1882), Colonel
  • Maximilian von Rosenkampff (1840–1876), Lieutenant Colonel
  • August von Rosenkampff (1842–1928)
  • Aline von Rosenkampff (1844–1887)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Interesting facts about the Finnish nobility , finn-land.net
  2. ↑ Examples are: the "rapids baron" Carl Rosenkampff ... who lowered the level of the Karelian lakes and prepared the work on the Saim Canal. In: Germany, Europe and the North: Selected Problems of North European History in the 19th and 20th Century , Volume 6 of Historische Mitteilungen: Beiheft, Historische Mitteilungen, editor Robert Bohn , Verlag Franz Steiner Verlag , 1993, ISBN 3-515 -06413-3 books.google.de , page 21, note 26, accessed on September 23, 2017
  3. ↑ Rosenkampff. Register no. 27 in Finnish Knight's House (Swedish) ritarihuone.fi
  4. ↑ I planeringen deltog bl.a. Carl Rosenkampff och för utförandet svarade svensken Nils Ericson. German : Karl Rosenkampff was involved in the plans and Nils Ericson was involved in the execution of the plans by uppslagsverket.fi , Uppslagsverket Finland, accessed on September 25, 2017
  5. ↑ Фотогалерея Сайменского канала, Памятный знак в честь барона фон Розенкампфа saimaankanava.info
personal data
SURNAME Rosenkampff, Karl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Розенкампф, Карл Андреевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Baltic aristocrat, engineer and Russian major general
DATE OF BIRTH October 17, 1793
PLACE OF BIRTH Laiuse , Estonia Governorate, Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH September 17, 1846
Place of death Helsinki , Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire