Engineer captain
As an engineer-captain , also an engineer captain , were since the 17th century architects , engineers or cartographers as officers cartographic and / or civil engineering tasks called, conducted for the military. They were comparable to the rank of captain or captain.
tasks
- The production of maps or cartography for predominantly military purposes: it served u. a. to measure and document unknown or conquered areas.
- The planning of fortifications or fortresses or other fortifications as well as field fortifications .
- Planning of other structural systems such as canals, bridges, buildings etc. not only for military uses.
- Urban planning
Further developments
From the 18th century in some states such as Prussia , France , United Kingdom (1717: Corps of Engineers , 1855 Royal Engineers ), Netherlands , Saxony and Russia, the engineering corps , also known as the Corps of Geniuses . Together with the sappers (siege pioneers ), miners for the tunnel construction and the pontooners , the pioneer troops developed from this in the 19th century as an independent class of service .
Later in the career of engineer officers there was also the engineer ensign , the engineer lieutenant , the engineer lieutenant or the engineer major , engineer colonel lieutenant or engineer colonel . In some armies, such as in Russia or Saxony, the designations inspector , up to general inspector and also engineer general , or also ingénieur militaire , architecte militaire and officier de genie were known .
Former engineering captains
The very different tasks and careers of the engineering captains in Germany and in other countries can be seen in some examples:
- Clemens von Althaus (1791–1836), 1820 as German engineer captain in Chile , later he created the first comprehensive and complete map series of Peru as a cartographer
- Lazare Carnot (1753–1823), 1783 French capitaine au corps royal du géni , later a. a. Minister of War under Napoléon Bonaparte
- Johann Rudolph Fäsch, officer in the imperial army , engineer-captain and architect in the Electoral Saxon service around 1712 , colonel in 1742
- Johann Georg Maximilian von Fürstenhoff (1686–1753), from Dresden , engineer-captain, later engineer-major, lieutenant general and head of the engineering corps, then architect
- Pierre de Gayette (1688–1747), in Prussia, later court architect
- Paul von Gontzenbach, in Prussia at the time of Friedrich II.
- Haak, engineer captain: From 1824 to 1830 the Cyriaksburg fort was converted into a citadel in the New Prussian style
- Wilhelm Heinrich Albrecht Engelhard (1754–1818), in Hessen-Kassel
- Armand Samuel de Marescot (1758–1832), 17910 French capitaine du génie , 1814 first inspector and général français du génie
- Otto Johann Müller, in Hamburg around 1740
- Carl Ludwig Murtfeldt (1745–1820), military service in the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe , architect and cartographer in Bremen
- Christian Neubauer (around 1645–1712), later Bremen fortress inspector
- Carsten Niebuhr (1733–1815), German mathematician and cartographer, 1768 Danish engineer captain
- Isaak Jacob Petri (1705–1776) from Magdeburg , 1742 engineer-captain, 1746/48 design and construction of Invalidenhaus Berlin , later Prussian colonel
- Anton Heinrich du Plat (1738–1791), from 1775 onwards, electoral Hanoverian engineer-captain and cartographer and later lieutenant general
- Jacob Reutz from Schwerin , he developed the street grid of Boizenburg around 1710 and from 1710 built the Schelfkirche in Schwerin
- Rudolph Ernst Schilling (1728–1774), in Bremen 1767 Ingen. Lieutnant , architect and painter, later engineer captain
- Victor Taunay (1852–1926), French capitaine du génie
- Johann Georg Vetter (1681–1745), land surveyor in the Principality of Ansbach in 1710, later engineer lieutenant and 1738 engineer captain; Maps of the principality
- Giselher von Warneck († 1754) in the Electorate of Hanover , later engineer and architect in Bremen
- Georg Theodor Wendelstadt around 1830/50, builder of a suspension bridge in Hameln
- Jean-Alexandre Werry (1773–1847), Belgian capitaine du génie des troupes and architect
Names in other countries
- Belgium: captain of genius , capitaine du génie
- France: capitaine du génie
- Netherlands: captains of genius
- English-speaking area: captain of engineering in the Combat engineer (English also pioneer ) or Corps of Engineers US Army from 1775
- Sweden: Capitain des Mineurs
- Spain: Ingenieros Militares