Charterhouse Liegnitz
 
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The location of the Charterhouse on the map of today's Poland. |
The Kartause Liegnitz (also Kartause Passionis Christi ; Kartause Leiden Christi ; Latin Carthusienses domus passionis Christi ) was a monastery of the Carthusian Order in Liegnitz , today's Legnica in the Voivodeship of Lower Silesia in south-western Poland .
It was founded on January 1, 1423 by Duke Ludwig II of Liegnitz and settled with monks from the Erfurt Charterhouse . Since it in affiliation with kartäusischen provinces did not arrive on the geographical location, but to the time of origin, the Charterhouse Legnica first belonged to the older German charterhouses the Upper German Province ( "provincia Alemannia superior"), later on Low German province. It was the only Charterhouse in the Diocese of Breslau and thus in all of Silesia . Under Duke Friedrich III. it was abolished in 1547.
history
The Charterhouse Liegnitz was in front of the city in an area that was called "In der Heide". In addition to its economic equipment, Duke Ludwig II donated a Vorwerk , which was known as "Sporrers Gut" after a previous owner, to which the so-called Winkelmühle also belonged. In addition, he left the approximately 50 hectare Koischwitz lake with two fishermen and all fishing rights to the Charterhouse . From the foundation, to which Liegnitz citizens and Wroclaw clergy also contributed, the maintenance of fifteen monks and six converses was to be secured. The first rector was Heinrich / Henricus Frölich, sent from the Erfurt Charterhouse, who was already in Liegnitz during the preparatory phase and was recalled to Erfurt in February 1423. In order to ensure the water supply of the Charterhouse, the founding convention agreed in 1424 with the city council to regulate the Katzbach .
After the provisional monastery buildings were completed in 1427, the Charterhouse Passionis Christi was accepted into the Carthusian Order and incorporated into the Upper German Order Province. Just a year later, it was destroyed by the Hussites together with the Liegnitz suburbs . The reconstruction was delayed due to the Hussite Wars , so that the monastery church could not be consecrated until 1449.
With their will of August 4, 1435, Duke Ludwig II and his wife Elisabeth von Brandenburg designated the Liegnitz Charterhouse as their burial place . At the same time they asked the monks to commemorate the year four times a year , for which they bequeathed three marks in interest to the convent. On the day of remembrance, the monks should eat good fish with white bread together in the refectory and drink a quart of good wine. When the duke died just one year later in 1436, he was buried as requested in the not yet completed monastery church. In 1447, his widow, who had since remarried, drove the Jews out of Liegnitz and bequeathed several houses and properties in the Jewish quarter below the Liegnitz Castle to the Charterhouse. In doing so, she presumably wanted to pay for the deceased duke's debts, which the monastery convent had paid to the Bishop of Constance or other Constance creditors. He had objected to the church burial of the duke at the convent of the Charterhouse because he had excommunicated him during his lifetime because of the unsettled debts. Therefore he asked for the body to be exhumed and buried in unconsecrated earth. In order not to disturb the rest of their funders , the monks probably paid the debt claimed by the creditors from their own funds. Duke Ludwig had taken on the debt on the occasion of his wedding in Constance, which was celebrated splendidly in 1418 during the council in the presence of the Roman-German King Sigismund .
The Carthusian monastery declined under Duke Friedrich II. In 1534 he had issued a decree introducing the Reformation in his duchy, which was a fiefdom of the crown of Bohemia . In 1536 he forbade the entry of the visitor Petrus Golitz, who was supposed to carry out the election of a prior. In 1540 the Carthusian Order had to give up its Liegnitz Charterhouse when allegedly all the buildings in front of the city walls, including the Charterhouse, were to be destroyed because of the threat from the Turkish wars . The monks had to move to the former Dominican monastery at Breslauer Tor, which now housed the Benedictine nuns. The Carthusian monks lived there from the proceeds of their monastery and worked as pastors for the nuns. They were no longer allowed to accept novices , so that the downfall of the Charterhouse could not be prevented. The books of the Charterhouse came to the municipal Petro-Paulinische church library and the confiscated monastery archive probably to the Liegnitz castle archive. The bones of the duke couple and their descendants who were buried in the monastery church were transferred to the former St. John's Church, which now served as the castle church. There, Duchess Luise von Anhalt , the mother of the last Liegnitz Piast Georg Wilhelm I , had a family crypt built in 1677, which has been preserved to this day.
1547 raised Frederick II's successor Frederick III. the Charterhouse, whereby the foundation property fell back to him. The buildings had already been demolished at this point. The last monk Paul Tuchscherer died in 1559.
In modern times, the Liegnitz district of CartHAUS , which was later referred to as Liegnitz-Ost , was built on the site of the Charterhouse . 1904–1908 the Kaiser-Friedrich-Gedächtniskirche was built there for the Protestant residents according to plans by the architect Oskar Hossfeld . After the transition of Silesia to Poland in 1945, it was withdrawn from the Protestant community in June 1946 and has served as the parish church of the Holy Trinity as a Catholic church.
Priors (incomplete)
The following are known of the priors ( rectors ) of the Liegnitz Charterhouse:
- Religious vows in the Erfurt Charterhouse:
- Henricus Frölich († February 26, 1423 in Erfurt)
- Petrus de Andernach, recorded as prior in 1427 (previously rector; † 1437)
- Joannes Ostraw from Bromberg, recorded as prior in 1445; 1435–1440 prior in Tückelhausen ; 1448–1453 prior in Erfurt († 1473)
- Nicolaus Balderstete, attested as prior 1467 and 1469 († 1479/80)
- Jodocus / Jost Christen, prior after 1469–1477 and again in 1499; from 1477 rector of the Kartausen Konradsburg , Erfurt and Crimmitschau († 1500)
- Religious vows in the Charterhouse Liegnitz:
- Gabriel from Neisse ( Johannes Guntheri de Nissa ); Studied in Leipzig, where he obtained the academic degree of a master's degree in fine arts ; Doctor of Medicine (after 1471)
- Wenceslas († 1525/26)
- Joannes, rector 1537–1547
- Religious vows in the Mainz Charterhouse:
- Joannes de Steinbach, came from Franconia; Prior 1500–1509, then Prior in Mainz, 1516/1517 Prior Koblenz († 1534 in Mainz)
- Marcus, prior 1447–1454, prior in 1442 in Brno , then in Seitz († 1454 in Liegnitz)
- Conradus Melsungen, 1509–1524, then prior of the Eppenberg Charterhouse
- Martinus Keldenbach, prior 1482– † 1495/96
- Mathias Kissinger, Keldeberch's successor, also died in 1495/96
Writing monks
- Hieronymus Broenich († 1474), author of several Marian sermons, which also appeared in print
- Bernhard von Eger ( Bernardus de Egra ; † 1493) wrote a dialogue about the praise and miracles of Mary
literature
- Heinrich Grüger: Liegnitz - Charterhouse Passionis Christi . In: Yearbook of the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University in Breslau . Volume XXX, 1989, pp. 45-53.
- Harald Goder: The Liegnitz Charterhouse in the General Chapter files of the Carthusian Order . In: Reimund Haas et al. (Ed.): New awakening in the memory of the church. Studies on the history of Christianity in Central and Eastern Europe . 2000 Böhlau Verlag, pp. 9–38.
- Rafał Witkowski: Legnica / Liegnitz , in: Monasticon Cartusiense , ed. by Gerhard Schlegel, James Hogg, Volume 2, Salzburg 2004, 389–393.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The information on this is contradictory in the literature given
- ↑ Kościół św. Jacka (Kaiser-Friedrich-Gedächtnis-Kirche) , accessed on October 23, 2016 ( Polish ).
Coordinates: 51 ° 12 '18.4 " N , 16 ° 10' 54.9" E