Harlequin harlequin

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Harlequin harlequin
Trigonostigma heteromorpha1.jpg

Harlequin harlequin ( Trigonostigma heteromorpha )

Systematics
without rank: Otophysa
Order : Carp-like (Cypriniformes)
Subordination : Carp fish-like (Cyprinoidei)
Family : Bärblings (Danionidae)
Genre : Trigonostigma
Type : Harlequin harlequin
Scientific name
Trigonostigma heteromorpha
( Duncker , 1904)

The harlequin harlequin ( Trigonostigma heteromorpha ) is a small carp fish from Southeast Asia .

features

Together with two other species of the genus Trigonostigma, the harlequin harlequin differ from most other rasborines by their high-backed body: the widest point lies between the first rays of the dorsal and pelvic fins . The harlequin harlequin have relatively large scales. Their basic color is between a light rose shade and shiny copper red. The color is more intense on the head, on the back and on the tail fin stalk and continues in the unpaired fins . On the belly side, the fish appear silvery to white. The distinctive, eponymous "wedge" begins below the dorsal fin attachment and ends in females in the caudal fin root. In male fish, it runs as a dark tip through the middle of the caudal fin. In addition, the anal fin of the males has a dark line drawing that is barely visible or not at all in females. The mouth is on top. As with almost all other rasborine carp fish, the sideline is not fully developed. They reach a total length of two to two and a half centimeters.

Distribution and ecology

The ichthyologist and later curator at the Zoological Museum Hamburg , Georg Duncker , discovered the species in a pond in the botanical garden of Singapore and described it in 1904 in a summary work on the freshwater fish he collected on the Malay peninsula . All of the harlequin harlequin collected in the following 20 years also came to Europe directly from or via Singapore. In fact, the range of this hidden living species extends across the entire Malay Peninsula and southeastern Thailand . Werner Ladiges , who also worked at Hamburg's zoological museum, and who first examined the natural habitats, named shaded and weed creeks as the home waters of the harlequin harlequin. The total hardness of the water was always below 3 ° dGH, so it was very soft. The harlequin rasbora feed on insect larvae , copepods and other zooplankton as well as on approach food.

Reproduction

The harlequin harlequin are not schooling fish , but, like many other small carp fish, live in simply structured social groups. For reproduction, males separate themselves and use widely spread fins, intense coloring and jerky to dance-like movements to attract females that are ready to spawn. In this way, pairs form briefly. The females stick the spawn to the underside of the leaves of aquatic plants , only then does the male fertilize it . There is no further brood care , not even in the form of guarding the spawning area.

Systematics

For the original in the collection genus Rasbora asked Keilfleckbärblinge created Maurice Kottelat and cell biologist Kai-Erik Witte 1999, the genus Trigonostigma . The most important distinguishing feature was the clearly different reproductive behavior from all other Southeast Asian Bärblingen. It is common to all four representatives of the harlequin harlequin. So also Trigonostigma hengeli (Meinken, 1956), Trigonostigma somphongsi (Meinken, 1958) and Trigonostigma espei (Meinken, 1976). The latter two species are considered valid , while the description of T. hengeli is doubtful due to its inadequate diagnosis.

Investigations of the mitochondrial DNA of numerous Southeast Asian carp fish by Tang et al. (2010) gave arguments for a return to the genus Rasbora sensu lato . Another, however, purely morphological investigation by SO Kullander et al. (2010) advocates keeping the new genus Trigonostigma . An important finding from the work of Tang, KL et al. (2010) is the determination of various monophyletic trends, which is why they synonymized the purely morphologically demarcated genus Trigonostigma with Rasbora , to which the harlequin harlequin now also belongs again. Fishbase and the Catalog of Fishes continue to list the species as Trigonostigma heteromorpha .

Importance to humans

The harlequin harlequin are popular aquarium fish that are always available in pet stores. There is a melanistic , a xanthoristic and a veil-fin cultivated form. The first live import into Europe took place in 1906 by the animal dealer and breeder Julius Reichelt, Berlin . It was only more than 20 years later that a Mr. Gundelach from Thuringia succeeded in breeding the world first because he had soft water, which is decisive for egg development. Today the harlequin harlequin traded around the world come from large breeders in Thailand, Malaysia , Poland and the Czech Republic .

swell

  • Alfred, ER (1963): Some comments on the type specimens of Malayan fishes described by George Duncker . Bull. Nat. Mus. Singapore, 32: 165-166.
  • Kottelat, M., Whitten, AJ, Kartikasari, NS and S. Wirjoatmodjo (1993): Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi . Periplus Editions, Hong Kong.
  • Ladiges, W .; von Wahlert, G. and E. Mohr (1958): The types and typoids of the fish collection of the Hamburg State Zoological Institute and Zoological Museum . Messages from the Hamburg Zoological Institute, 56: 155–167.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Stallknecht, H. (1994): Barben und Bärblinge . Tetra-Verlag, Melle. ISBN 3-89745-116-6
  2. ↑ a b c Steinle, C.-P. (1998): barbels and barbels . Publishing house Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. ISBN 3-8001-7433-2
  3. ↑ Duncker, G. (1904): The fish of the Malay peninsula . Messages from the Natural History (Zoological) Museum in Hamburg v. 21: 133-207, Pls. 1-2
  4. ↑ Ladiges, Werner (1951): The fish in the landscape , 2nd edition, Verlag Gustav Wenzel & Sohn, Braunschweig
  5. ↑ Kottelat, M. and K.-E. Witte (1999): Two new species of Microrasbora from Thailand and Myanmar, with two new generic names for small southeast Asian cyprinid fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) . Journal of South Asian Natural History, 4 (1): 49-56
  6. ↑ Meinken, H. (1956): Communications from the VDA's fish determination office. XXIII. Rasboa hengeli spec. nov., a very nice novelty for the tank enthusiast . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ) 9 (11): 281-283.
  7. ↑ Meinken, H. (1958): Communications from the VDA's fish determination office. XXIX. Rasbora somphongsi a new dwarf grass bora . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ) 11 (3): 67-69.
  8. ↑ Meinken, H. (1967): From Thailand came a pretty subspecies of the harlequin barb . The Aquarium 1 (2): 14-16.
  9. ↑ Tang, KL et al. (2010): Systematics of the subfamily Danioninae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57: 189-214
  10. ↑ Liao, TY, SO Kullander & F. Fang 2010: Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Rasbora (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zoologica Scripta 39 (2): 155-176
  11. ↑ The harlequin harlequin on Fishbase.org (English)

Web links

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