Trigonostigma

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Trigonostigma
Harlequin harlequin (Trigonostigma heteromorpha)

Harlequin harlequin ( Trigonostigma heteromorpha )

Systematics
without rank: Otophysa
Order : Carp-like (Cypriniformes)
Subordination : Carp fish-like (Cyprinoidei)
Family : Bärblings (Danionidae)
Subfamily : Rasborinae
Genre : Trigonostigma
Scientific name
Trigonostigma
Kottelat & Witte , 1999

Trigonostigma is a genus of danios (Danionidae) that are similar in terms of their appearance and have a common reproductive strategy. They occur in tropical Southeast Asia in Thailand , Cambodia , Malaysia , Singapore and Indonesia .

features

The size varies between about two and four and a half centimeters. The body is narrow and has an orange-red to reddish basic color. A black stripe stretches from the middle of the body to the root of the caudal fin, which in three species is like a triangle or widened like a club. While Trigonostigma heteromorpha is high back, Trigonostigma somphongsi has a much more elongated body. The lateral line organ is greatly reduced and only extends over six to nine scales provided with pores. The females are slightly larger than the males, and when there are spawning roots, they are thicker. With a total length of no more than 20 millimeters and a body height of around five millimeters, Rasbora somphongsi is one of the smallest vertebrates.

Way of life

For reproduction, pairs form briefly within a territory occupied and defended by the male. The fish are ovuliparous , which means that the females lay eggs, which are then fertilized by only one male outside the body. The spawn is attached to the underside of aquatic plant leaves in a ritualized courtship game. This is what distinguishes the harlequin harlequin from all other known rasborines, which spawn in pairs or in groups freely over different substrates. Keilfeckbärblinge, like all carp fish, no schooling fish , but live in socially responsive groups, of which reproductive prepare couples secrete short term.

Systematics

Rasbora somphongsi

Four species of Trigonostigma were first described as Rasbora . Due to their similar pattern and the consistent reproductive behavior, Kottelat and Witte (1999) established the genus Trigonostigma for them. Investigations of the mitochondrial DNA of numerous Southeast Asian carp fish by Tang et al. (2010) gave arguments for a return to the genus Rasbora sensu lato , while a further investigation by SO Kullander et al. (2010) gives reason to keep the new genus Trigonostigma .

The genus Trigonostigma consists of five species:

The then head of the fish identification office of the Association of German Aquarium and Terrarium Associations (VDA), Hermann Meinken, had published a professional scientific description of the species for Rasbora somphongsi in October 1958, but the species was so precise and with the new one in February 1958 in the enthusiast magazine DATZ scientific name that this popular article is the actual first description according to the principle of priority.

Also Rasbora espei was of Meinken in a Aquaristikzeitschrift as a subspecies of Rasbora heteromorpha first described. However, this publication does not contain a comprehensible diagnosis, so that the identity with the Rasbora espei, which was raised to species rank by Rainboth and Kottelat (1987), is not certain. Therefore the status of this species is questioned again and again.

The systematic position of the genus Trigonostigma according to Liao, TY, SO Kullander & F. Fang within the Bärblingstribus Rasborini shows the following cladogram :

Rasbora espei
  Rasborini tribe  






 Trigonostigma


   

 Rasboroides


   

 Horadandia




   

 Boraras


   

 Trigonopoma




   

 Rasbosoma



   

 Rasbora



   

 Brevibora



   

 Kottelatia



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Importance to humans

All the species included in this genus are popular and - with the exception of Trigonostigma somphongsi and Trigonostigma espei - aquarium fish that are regularly offered in the pet trade. From Trigonostigma heteromorpha there is a melanistic , a xanthoristische and schleierflossige cultivar. While Trigonostigma heteromorpha and Trigonostigma hengeli are propagated by large breeders in Thailand, Malaysia , Poland and the Czech Republic , almost all Trigonostigma somphongsi and Trigonostigma espei are caught in the wild.

literature

  • Bleeker, P. (1852): Bijdrage tot de kennis of the ichthyological fauna van Blitong (Billiton), met Beschrijving van eenige nieuwe soorten van zoetwatervisschen . Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3: 87-100.
  • Bleeker, P. (1859): Negende bijdrage tot de kennis of the vischfauna van Banka . Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 18: 359-378.
  • Duncker, G. (1904): The fish of the Malay peninsula . Messages from the Natural History (Zoological) Museum in Hamburg v. 21: 133-207, Pls. 1-2.
  • Meinken, H. (1958): Messages from the VDA's fish identification office. XXIX. Rasbora somphongsi a new dwarf grass bora . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ) 11 (3): 67-69.
  • Meinken, H. (1958): Rasbora somphongsi nov. spec., a new barbel from Siam (Pisces; Cyprinidae, Unterfam. Rasborinae) . Opuscula Zoologica 19: 1-6.
  • Meinken, H. (1956): Messages from the VDA's fish identification office. XXIII. Rasboa hengeli spec. nov., a very nice novelty for the tank enthusiast . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ) 9 (11): 281-283.
  • Meinken, H. (1967): A pretty subspecies of the harlequin barb came from Thailand . The Aquarium 1 (2): 14-16.
  • Rainboth, WJ and M. Kottelat (1987): Rasbora spilocerca, a new cyprinid from the Mekong River . Copeia (2): 417-423.
  • Kottelat, M. and K.-E. Witte (1999): Two new species of Microrasbora from Thailand and Myanmar, with two new generic names for small southeast Asian cyprinid fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) . Journal of South Asian Natural History, 4 (1): 49-56.
  • Liao, TY, Kullander, SO and F. Fang (2009): Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Rasbora (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) . Zoologica Scripta: 1-22.
  • Stallknecht, H. (1994): Barbs and Bärblinge . Tetra-Verlag, Melle. ISBN 3-89745-116-6 .
  • Steinle, C.-P. (1998): barbels and barbels . Publishing house Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. ISBN 3-8001-7433-2 .
  • Tang, KL et al. (2010): Systematics of the subfamily Danioninae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57: 189-214.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kottelat, M. and K.-E. Witte (1999): Two new species of Microrasbora from Thailand and Myanmar, with two new generic names for small southeast Asian cyprinid fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) . Journal of South Asian Natural History, 4 (1): 49-56
  2. ↑ Tang, KL et al. (2010): Systematics of the subfamily Danioninae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57: 189-214
  3. ↑ a b Liao, TY, SO Kullander & F. Fang 2010: Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Rasbora (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zoologica Scripta 39 (2): 155-176
  4. ↑ Trigonostigma on Fishbase.org (English)
  5. ↑ Duncker, G. (1904): The fish of the Malay peninsula . Messages from the Natural History (Zoological) Museum in Hamburg v. 21: 133-207, Pls. 1-2
  6. ↑ Meinken, H. (1956): Communications from the VDA's fish determination office. XXIII. Rasboa hengeli spec. nov., a very nice novelty for the tank enthusiast . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ) 9 (11): 281-283
  7. ↑ a b Meinken, H. (1958): Communications from the VDA's fish identification office. XXIX. Rasbora somphongsi a new dwarf grass bora . D. Aqu. u. Terr. Z. (DATZ) 11 (3): 67-69
  8. ↑ a b Meinken, H. (1967): A pretty subspecies of the harlequin barb came from Thailand . The aquarium 1 (2): 14-16
  9. ↑ Tan Heok Hui. 2020. Trigonostigma truncata , A New Species of Harlequin Rasbora from Malay Peninsula (Teleostei: Danionidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 68; 421-433. DOI: 10.26107 / RBZ-2020-0058 , PDF
  10. ↑ Meinken, H. (1958): Rasbora somphongsi nov. spec., a new barbel from Siam (Pisces; Cyprinidae, Unterfam. Rasborinae) . Opuscula Zoologica 19: 1-6
  11. ↑ Rain Both, WJ and M.Kottelat (1987): Rasbora spilocerca, a new cyprinid from the Mekong River . Copeia (2): 417-423
  12. ↑ a b Stallknecht, H. (1994): Barben und Bärblinge . Tetra-Verlag, Melle. ISBN 3-89745-116-6
  13. ↑ a b Steinle, C.-P. (1998): barbels and barbels . Publishing house Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. ISBN 3-8001-7433-2

Web links

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