Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant

Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant
The Olkiluoto nuclear power plant with EPR (left) and BWR-2500 (middle and right)
location
Coordinates	61 ° 14 '12 "  N , 21 ° 26' 32"  E Coordinates: 61 ° 14 '12 "  N , 21 ° 26' 32"  E
Country:	Finland
Data
Owner:	Teollisuuden Voima OYJ
Operator:	Teollisuuden Voima OYJ
Project start:	1973
Commercial operation:	Oct 10, 1979
Active reactors (gross):	2 (1830 MW)
Reactors under construction (gross):	1 (1720 MW)
Energy fed in in 2018:	14,089,130 ​​GWh
Energy fed in since commissioning:	495,290 GWh
Was standing:	December 31, 2018
The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation .

The Olkiluoto nuclear power plant [ ˈɔlkiluɔtɔ ] is located on the island of Olkiluoto on the west coast of Finland in the municipality of Eurajoki around 25 kilometers north of the city of Rauma . The Olkiluoto nuclear repository is also located there .

Units 1 and 2 - boiling water reactors

Blocks 1 and 2

General

In Finland have so far (2012) four nuclear reactors in operation, two VVER Soviet design in Loviisa and two boiling water reactors in Olkiluoto. The latter have a net output of 880 and 860 MW respectively  and are operated by Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO). Unit 1 became critical for the first time on July 21, 1978 , and Unit 2 followed on October 13, 1979. The reactors have been in commercial operation since 1979 and 1982, respectively. The two boiling water reactors are of the type BWR-2500.

security

In October 2012, the results of a stress test that the EU had carried out after the Fukushima nuclear disaster were published . One of the particularly criticized nuclear power plants was the Forsmark nuclear power plant in Sweden, the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant. Accordingly, z. B. the operating teams in these power plants less than an hour to restore an interrupted power supply to maintain the essential reactor cooling.

On December 10, 2020, there was an emergency shutdown of the reactor in Unit 2 after increased radiation was measured. The operator of the nuclear power plant attributed the malfunction to a defect in the cooling water treatment system. The Finnish radiation protection authority STUK assessed the situation as a serious disturbance, even if employees or the population were not endangered at any time.

Unit 3 - European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR)

Block 3

The information center of the nuclear power plant

In 2003 the tender for reactor block 3 began. Among others, the French Areva and the Russian company Atomstroiexport were involved in the tender. Atomstroiexport submitted plans for a VVER-1000/466 in the form of an AES-91 with enhanced safety equipment for about 800 to 900 million US dollars. The French Areva, however, brought a 1600 MW strong EPR reactor to the offer. At the end of 2003, the contract for Block 3 was then awarded to Areva.

Construction time and costs

Unit 3 has been built in Olkiluoto since August 12, 2005 by Areva NP and Siemens (conventional power plant section). It is the first reactor of this type. The turnkey purchase price was originally set at around 3 billion euros. However, there were already considerable delays in the first year of construction. So was z. B. When making the first foundations, concrete that does not meet the specification is processed and additional evidence is required to guarantee the specified strength.

• In 2008, the construction costs were estimated at 4.5 billion euros.
• In 2009 the construction costs were estimated at 5.47 billion euros. A legal dispute has now broken out about these additional costs.
• At the end of 2006, the operating company predicted that operations would start in 2011 at the earliest.
• The aim was to start operations in 2012 in October 2008.
• The network synchronization was aimed for in June 2010 for 2013.
• In October 2011 the date was postponed to 2014. The projected construction costs of 6.6 billion euros are now more than twice as high as the originally estimated 3 billion euros.
• In July 2012, the operating company announced that completion cannot be expected in 2014 either. A new date was initially not mentioned. Areva announced a commissioning date in 2015 in December 2012. At the same time, the Areva representative estimated the total cost at 8.5 billion euros.
• At the beginning of 2013 it was announced that commissioning would be postponed to 2016.
• At the beginning of 2014, the Areva Group let a date pass by when the new completion forecast was to be published.
• In September 2014 Areva announced that the reactor could not start operating until the end of 2018.
• In April 2015, the newspaper Die Welt wrote that the construction costs were estimated at around nine billion euros .
• After the end of the 2014 financial year, AREVA made depreciation of 720 million euros on the project and posted a loss of 4.834 billion euros for 2014.
• In December 2015, the future operator TVO announced that the plant should go into operation at the end of 2018.
• In May 2016, the Finnish state news channel YLE reported that negotiations between TVO and Areva over a settlement of the sharing of the additional costs had been broken off: TVO sued Areva for € 2.6 billion in damages for the delay - Areva sued TVO for € 3.4 billion the additional costs.
• The first cold tests were carried out in June 2017; Warm tests should follow in autumn 2017. The operating license was planned for the beginning of 2018.
• In October 2017 it was announced that the commissioning would be delayed by a further month and would not take place until May 2019, 10 years later than originally planned when construction began in 2005.
• In March 2018, the operator TVO reached an agreement with Areva and Siemens on compensation for the delay. According to TVO, Areva and Siemens are paying a total of € 450 million. The compensation increases by a further € 400 million if the project is not completed by the end of 2019.

• In November 2018, commissioning was postponed to January 2020.

• On March 7, 2019, the reactor block received its operating license from the Finnish government. As of March 2019, the loading of the first nuclear fuel should start in June and the first network synchronization should take place in October. Commercial operation and the handover of the plant were planned for the beginning of 2020.
• On April 10, 2019, fuel loading was postponed to the end of August at the earliest.
• According to the July 2019 schedule, fuel loading is scheduled to start in January 2020. Network synchronization is planned for April and commercial operation for July 2020.
• In December 2019, fuel loading was postponed to summer 2020, grid synchronization to November 2020 and commercial operation to March 2021.
• In August 2020, fuel charging was postponed to March 2021 and grid synchronization to October 2021. Problems with tests and spare parts as well as the Covid 19 pandemic were cited as the reason. Commercial power generation was expected in February 2022.

The Budget Committee of the French National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) set up a committee in 2011 to deal with the massive cost overruns.

In 2004 the European Commission (initiated by Greenpeace ) launched an investigation to examine whether the guarantee from France for the loan of 570 million euros granted by a bank consortium to the electricity producer TVO (Teollisuuden Voima Oy) complied with the state aid rules of the EC Contract is compatible. The EU Commission also examined whether the guarantee for the offer submitted by the Areva / Siemens consortium enabled TVO to make savings, so that Areva / Siemens was awarded the contract to build the new nuclear power plant. The case was closed in September 2007 after the investigation concluded that TVO could have raised the € 570 million in the private capital market. OneThe subsidized loans did not give rise to a competitive advantage because they were also included in the offers made by Areva / Siemens' competitors. No evidence was found for any of the other allegations either.

Six TVO shareholders bear 25% of the cost of the nuclear reactor. In addition to the export credit from the French government, a bank consortium led by BayernLB took out a loan of 1.95 billion euros at an interest rate of 2.6 percent. BayernLB and the Bavarian state government were criticized for this because the Free State of Bavaria owns 75 percent of BayernLB.

Block 4

A fourth block was planned at the Olkiluoto site, the construction of which was canceled by investor TVO in May 2015. The reason given for this was the severe delays in the construction of Olkiluoto 3. However, a possible construction in the more distant future is not ruled out. The output of the reactor should be between 1000 MW and 1800 MW. An EPR or a KERENA (until March 2009 referred to as SWR 1000) from Areva, an Advanced Boiling Water Reactor from Westinghouse Nuclear , an ESBWR from General Electric , an APWR from Mitsubishi , a Korean APR-1400 and a Russian came into consideration WWER-1200/491 ( AES-2006). The original plan was to commission the reactor between 2016 and 2018; in 2012, the target was 2020. In mid-2014, the future operator applied for a building permit to be postponed to 2020. The start of operations was now planned for the mid-2020s. The Finnish government rejected the deadline extension in September 2014 because TVO could not guarantee that the fourth reactor would ever be completed.

Data of the reactor blocks

There are three reactor blocks in the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant :

Reactor block	Reactor type	Construction line	net power	gross power	start of building	Network synchronization	Commercialization of essential operation	switching off processing
Olkiluoto-1	Boiling water reactor	ASEA-BWR-2500	880 MW	910 MW	02/01/1974	09/02/1978	10/10/1979	(Planned for 2039)
Olkiluoto-2	Boiling water reactor	ASEA-BWR-2500	890 MW	920 MW	08/01/1975	02/18/1980	07/10/1982	(Planned for 2042)
Olkiluoto-3	Pressurized water reactor	Areva EPR	1600 MW	1720 MW	08/12/2005	(Planned for 2021)	(Planned for 2022)

See also

• List of nuclear power plants
• List of the most powerful nuclear reactors
• List of power plants in Finland

Web links

Commons : Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Olkiluoto 3 Project (English)
• Citizens' initiative against the EPR in Olkiluoto (English)
• Computer image of the KERENA variant of the fourth block
• Plague: Olkiluoto (Finland)
• Spiegel 42/2009 pp. 118–122: The nuclear bankruptcy
• Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ IAEA - Nuclear Power Reactors in the World - Series 2 2008 (English; PDF; 1.7 MB)
2. ↑ Technical summary on the implementation of comprehensive risk and safety assessments of nuclear power plants in the European Union , Corrigendum of August 22, 2013 to the report of October 4, 2012, published on europa.eu (PDF) , accessed on October 25, 2018
3. ↑ AKW stress test. Bad grades for Europe's kiln . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , October 1, 2012. Accessed October 5, 2012.
4. ↑ EU nuclear stress test in the analysis. The fairy tale of safe German reactors . In: Tagesschau.de , October 2, 2012. Retrieved October 5, 2012.
5. ↑ Fault in the Finnish nuclear power plant Olkiluoto 2 - No radioactivity leaked. Press release of the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection from December 10, 2020.
6. ↑ Yle seuraa: Olkiluodon voimalassa harvinainen häiriötilanne - TVO: lla aavistus ongelman syystä, työntekijät eivät olleet vaarassa, katso tallenne tiedotustilaisuudesta. (For example: "Yle reports: A rare malfunction in the Olkiluoto power plant - TVO has an idea of ​​the cause of the problem, the employees were not in danger, see recording of the press conference.") Report from Yleisradio of December 10, 2020, accessed on December 10, 2020 December 2020.
7. ↑ Olkiluodon häiriötilanne - laitos on vakaassa tilassa. (For example: "Fault in Olkiluoto - the facility is in a stable condition.") Report of the Finnish radiation protection authority STUK from December 12, 2020, accessed on December 10, 2020.
8. ↑ AtomStroyExport News Company TVO, that held the bid on construction of the NPP fifth power unit in Finland ( Memento of the original from October 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
9. ^ WNA Nuclear Power in Russia
10. ↑ July 31, 2002 ( Memento of the original from October 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
11. ↑ ^{a b} Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Finland, Republic of: Nuclear Power Reactors" (English)
12. ↑ OL3 Project ( Memento from May 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
13. ↑ TVO press release of March 16, 2006 Concreting continues at the Olkiluoto 3 construction site
14. ↑ Investigation Report 1/06 of the STUK from July 10, 2006 Management of Safety Requirements in Subcontracting during the Olkiluoto 3 Nuclear Power Plant Construction Phase
15. ↑ EPR nuclear power is more expensive than expected . Verivox . Retrieved July 9, 2009.
16. ↑ Pascal Schwendener: The nuclear power plant prototype burns billions . Basel newspaper . December 5, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
17. ↑ Telepolis 5/2008: France's beacon of hope, the new EPR reactors, turn out to be breakdown reactors, access date July 18, 2008.
18. ↑ Work on the European pressurized water reactor is further delayed . Yahoo! October 17, 2008. Archived from the original on October 18, 2008. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
19. ↑ Dinah Deckstein, Frank Dohmen and Cordula Meyer: Nuclear power: Die atom Schlamperei - science. In: Spiegel Online . October 12, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2018 . 
20. ↑ TVO press release of June 7, 2010 ( memento of June 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on June 7, 2010.
21. ^ TVO, October 11, 2011: Regular operation of Olkiluoto 3 nuclear power plant unit may be postponed further
22. ↑ Les Echós, October 12, 2011: La facture de l'EPR finlandais d'Areva dérape encore ( Memento of the original of October 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
23. ^ [1] Access date July 24, 2012
24. ↑ The grave of billions . taz. December 19, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
25. ↑ Delays cause new problems at Siemens. February 11, 2013, accessed November 28, 2013 . 
26. ↑ Finnish nuclear power plant Olkiluoto 3 not ready before 2017 . solidbau.at. January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
27. ↑ Olkiluoto 3 to be ready in 2018 . In: Helsinki Times , September 2, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
28. ↑ Gesche Wüpper: The deep fall of the French nuclear legend. In: The world. April 28, 2015, accessed June 4, 2015 .  
29. ↑ 2014 Annual Results (March 4, 2015)
30. ↑ Update to Olkiluoto 3 December 17, 2015
31. ↑ YLE website (in Swedish): [2] , accessed on December 16, 2016
32. ↑ nuklearforum.ch: Finland: Start of cold tests at Olkiluoto-3 on June 14, 2017
33. ↑ Commissioning of Finland's Olkiluoto 3 nuclear reactor delayed until May 2019 . In: Power-Technology , October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
34. ↑ YLE website (in Finnish): [3] , accessed on March 11, 2018
35. ↑ https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/long-delayed_olkiluoto_3_nuclear_reactor_to_go_online_in_january_2020/10532547
36. ^ Finnish EPR receives operating license - World Nuclear News. Retrieved March 12, 2019 . 
37. ↑ https://www.nucnet.org/all-the-news/2019/04/10/finland-s-tvo-announces-further-delay-to-olkiluoto-3-epr-project
38. ↑ Olkiluoto 3: n käyttöönotto myöhästyy jälleen puolella vuodella. Retrieved October 17, 2019 (Finnish). 
39. ↑ Olkiluoto 3 reactor delayed yet again, now 12 years behind schedule. Accessed December 31, 2019 . 
40. ^ Further delay in commissioning of Finnish EPR. Retrieved September 1, 2020 . 
41. ↑ OL3 EPR regular production of electricity starts in February 2022. Accessed on September 9, 2020 . 
42. ↑ Les echos October 13, 2011: La facture de l'EPR finlandais d'Areva dérape encore ( Memento of the original of October 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
43. ↑ EU Drops Finnish Nuclear Plant Probe (September 26, 2007)
44. ^ Finnish utility drops plans to build reactor . In: Europe Online , May 13, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
45. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from July 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
46. ↑ http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFL6N0O62LS20140520 Reuters.com:Finland's TVO postpones next nuclear plant, May 20, 2014, accessed June 2, 2014.
47. ↑ http://www.nuklearforum.ch/de/aktuell/e-bulletin/olkiluoto-4-gesuch-zur-verlaengerung-des-grundsatzentscheids-eingereicht Nuklearforum.ch: Olkiluoto-4: application for extension of the fundamental decision submitted, 2 June 2014
48. ↑ http://yle.fi/uutiset/government_rejects_tvo_request_to_re-apply_for_nuclear_licence/7491990 Government rejects TVO request to re-apply for nuclear license, YLE News September 25, 2014.