Rauma

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Rauman kaupunki
coat of arms map
Rauma coat of arms Location of Rauma in Finland
Basic data
State : FinlandFinland Finland
Landscape : Satakunta
Administrative community : Rauma
Geographical location 61 ° 8 ′  N , 21 ° 30 ′  E Coordinates: 61 ° 8 ′  N , 21 ° 30 ′  E
Surface: 1,110.14 km²
of which land area: 495.58 km²
of which inland waterways: 13.90 km²
of which sea area: 600.66 km²
Residents : 39,360 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 79.4 inhabitants / km²
Municipality number : 684
Postcodes : 26100-26820
Language (s) : Finnish
Website : rauma.fi
View over Rauma
View over Rauma

Rauma [ ˈrɑu̯mɑ ] ( Swedish Raumo ) is a city in southwest Finland with 39,360 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2018). It is located in the south of the Satakunta landscape on the Baltic Sea coast . The third oldest city in Finland was founded in 1442 and is now on its wooden old town, the 1991 UNESCO list of world heritage belongs and their special dialect known. Rauma has an important Baltic port.

geography

Rauma is located in the south of the Satakunta landscape on the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia about 90 km north of Turku and 50 km south of Pori . The neighboring communities of Rauma are Eurajoki in the north, Lappi in the east, Laitila in the southeast and Pyhäranta in the south.

The urban area of ​​Rauma covers an area of ​​293.1 km². The rural part of the urban area is divided into the ten village communities Anttila-Voiluoto, Kaaro, Kolla-Nihattula-Tarvola, Kortela and Monna, Sorkka, Tiilivuori, Unaja, Uotila and Vermuntila-Kulamaa.

history

More than 30 Lapinraunio (Swedish Lapprösen ) called facilities can be found in the vicinity of Rauma. The burial mounds date from the Bronze or Early Iron Age .

Only the Church of the Holy Cross remains of the Franciscan monastery

Rauma is likely to have originated in the late Middle Ages. The name is derived from the Old Norse word strauma for "river". In the 14th century there was already a Franciscan monastery and a church at the site , which belonged to the Dacia order . At that time Rauma, like all of Finland, belonged to Sweden . On April 17, 1442, Rauma was granted city rights. This makes Rauma the third oldest city in Finland after Turku and Porvoo .

When King Gustav I Wasa founded Helsinki in 1550 , he issued an edict that obliged the citizens of Rauma as well as Porvoo, Ekenäs and Ulvila to settle in the newly founded city. As a result, Rauma was temporarily depopulated until the resettled citizens were allowed to return to their hometowns after a few years.

In 1640 and 1682, two devastating city fires devastated Rauma. Since then, the city has been spared from fires, which is a rarity for a wooden house town. From the 17th century, Rauma prospered through seafaring. The sailing fleet brought prosperity to the city, which is reflected in the magnificent wooden houses of the old town. From the 18th century Rauma became a center of lace making ; to this day it is a traditional handicraft in the city.

It was not until the Russian period (from 1809) that Rauma grew beyond the boundaries of the old town. After the Second World War, the city developed into an industrial location.

The urban area of ​​Rauma expanded in 1993 with the incorporation of the Rauma rural municipality and in 2007 with the incorporation of Kodisjoki municipality . Furthermore, at the beginning of 2009, the municipality of Lappi was incorporated.

population

As of December 30, 2006, Rauma had 37,025 residents. Only 0.4% of Rauma's inhabitants are Finland-Swedes , which is why the city is officially monolingual Finnish-speaking.

Development of the population (as of December 31) :

  • 1987 - 30,757
  • 1990 - 38,372 *
  • 1997 - 37,654
  • 2000 - 37,190
  • 2002 - 37,034
  • 2004 - 36,673

* together with the rural community Rauman maalaiskunta, which was incorporated in 1993

dialect

House name in Rauma dialect in the old town

The dialect of Rauma (own name Rauman giäl ) is one of the Southwest Finnish dialects and is considered the most difficult to understand Finnish dialect. Characteristic of the Rauma dialect are the voiced sounds b , d and g , which do not occur in standard Finnish , the omission of letters in Finnish words and a different vocabulary, which not only contains many words of Swedish origin, but - due to seafaring - also from various other languages.

For the inhabitants of Rauma, the dialect is a strong identity-creating feature: For example, there is a sign at the roadside at the city limits of Rauma, in the Rauma dialect with Ol niingon gotonas ( "Ole niinkun kotonasi" = "Feel at home") greets and wishes you Luanikast reissu (" Have a good trip") at the exit . However, the dialect is spoken by fewer and fewer people and is threatened with extinction.

The local advertising paper Uusi Rauma ("New Rauma") has a column in the Rauma dialect in each issue and a complete issue every June, in which even the advertisements and comics are written in the Rauma dialect.

politics

City council

The strongest political force in Rauma are the Social Democrats . They received around a third of the votes in the 2008 local elections, and they have 18 out of 51 MPs in the city council. The second strongest force is the rallying party with around a quarter of the votes and 13 seats on the city council. The country's third major party, the Center Party , on the other hand, does not play a major role in Rauma, as it generally does in Finnish cities, with twelve percent of the vote and six MPs.

Furthermore, the left alliance with four, the electoral alliance “Independent Ring” (Sitoutumaton vaalirengas) and the right-wing populist “ True Finns ” with three and the Christian Democrats and the Green Bund with two seats each are represented in the city council.

Composition of the City Council (2009–2012)
Political party Election result Seats
Social democrats 32.7% 18th
Collection party 24.4% 13
Center Party 12.0% 06th
Left alliance 08.9% 04th
Independent ring 06.7% 03
True Finns 05.8% 03
Christian Democrats 05.3% 02
Green covenant 04.0% 02

Town twinning

Sister cities are Rauma

There is also cooperation with the Chinese city of Zhuhai in the People's Republic of China.

Attractions

The old town of Rauma (Vanha Rauma) with its 600 houses on an area of ​​28 hectares is the largest connected wooden house complex in the Nordic countries. The houses, all of which have historical names, sometimes have richly decorated facades. The angled floor plan goes back to the Middle Ages. While other wooden house districts in Finland mostly fell victim to fires, the old town of Rauma has been spared fires since 1682 and is therefore exceptionally well preserved. In 1991 she was therefore in the UNESCO the list World Heritage added. Today the old town is a lively residential and business district with over 600 inhabitants.

The old town hall from 1776 with the Rauma City Museum is located on the market square in the old town. The Holy Cross Church on the edge of the old town originally belonged to the Franciscan monastery of Rauma and was built around 1520. The church tower was added in 1816 and served as a landmark for seafarers. The older Trinity Church, built at the end of the 15th century, was destroyed in the city fire of 1640. Its ruins have been preserved to this day. A water tower with a panorama restaurant is located south of the old town.

Since the incorporation of the neighboring municipality of Lappi, the Bronze Age cemetery of Sammallahdenmäki , also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been located in Rauma. Rauma is the only Finnish city to boast two World Heritage Sites.

The archipelago near Rauma is designated as a nature reserve. It is known for numerous wrecks and attracts many scuba divers.

  • Street in the old town

  • Courtyard entrance in the old town

  • The Marela merchant house in the old town

  • The Holy Cross Church in Rauma

  • Interior of the Holy Cross Church in Rauma

economy

The city is the location of a sawmill and a cellulose factory. The logging company UPM-Kymmene is to the city and the second largest employer of Rauma, followed by the shipyard Aker Yards Finn . The seaport is the fifth largest in Finland and is of great importance for timber exports. Because of the world cultural heritage sites, the port is the port of call for Baltic Sea cruises.

The company Forchem operates a refinery for processing the obtained in the pulp manufacturing tall oil .

The converter station of the HVDC Fenno-Skan is located near Rauma . The Olkiluoto nuclear power plant is located north of the city .

Personalities

panorama

Panorama view of Rauma

Web links

Commons : Rauma  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Rauma  Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maanmittauslaitos (Finnish land surveying office): Suomen pinta-alat kunnittain 1. 1. 2010 (PDF; 199 kB)
  2. ↑ Statistical Office Finland: Table 11ra - Key figures on population by region, 1990-2018
  3. ↑ Ilta-Sanomat: Lappi liittyy Raumaan , December 10, 2007 (Finnish)
  4. ↑ Advertising paper Uusi Rauma ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ur.fi archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. with articles in the Rauma dialect (see "Raumangiälise")
  5. ↑ Finnish Ministry of Justice: Result of the 2008 local elections
  6. ↑ www.rauma.fi/ twin-cities-of-rauma , accessed on May 19, 2017
  7. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rauma.fi
  8. ↑ Forchem Oy. Retrieved October 17, 2012 (Company website).