Ulvila
| coat of arms | map |
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| Basic data | |
| State : |
 Finland
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| Landscape : | Satakunta |
| Administrative community : | Pori |
| Geographical location | 61 ° 26 ' N , 21 ° 53' E |
| Surface: | 422.56 km² |
| of which land area: | 400.73 km² |
| of which inland waterways: | 21.83 km² |
| Residents : | 13,021 (Dec. 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 32.5 inhabitants / km² |
| Municipality number : | 886 |
| Language (s) : | Finnish |
| Website : | www.ulvila.fi |
Ulvila [ ulʋilɑ ] (Swed. Ulvsby ) is a city in western Finland in the landscape Satakunta . The city lies on the river Kokemypenjoki and borders directly on Pori to the southwest , with which it forms a closed agglomeration . After the incorporation of the municipality of Kullaa in early 2005, the city now has 13,021 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2018).
history
Early history
The inhabited parts of Ulvila largely belong to the low-lying and flat valley of the Kokemäenjoki, so that the uplifting of the land has played a major role at this point. There are signs of habitation by hunters and sealers from the Neolithic Age. The agricultural settlement began in the Bronze Age, when the fertile plains were built. These residents left heap graves behind. The settlement at that time was apparently permanent and consisted of individual houses.
Settlement may have decreased during the Iron Age. No graves have been found in Ulvila from the first centuries of our era, so that a disappearance of the population for about a millennium cannot be ruled out. During this time, the silting up of the bay in Ulvila continued, and the Kokemäenjoki brought clayey earth to the area of the present-day villages of Friitala and Vanhakylä, which, however, was apparently too viscous to process with the techniques of the time. The next known settlement at that time was upstream in Kokemäki .
With the improvement of agricultural methods at the beginning of the second millennium, the settlement spread to Ulvila, where the village of Haistila first emerged around the 13th century. Sometime between the 12th and 14th centuries, a trading post was built at the mouth of the river, which replaced the markets further upstream.
middle Ages
By the 16th century all the villages of today's Ulvilas had emerged. In the 13th century a chapel of the parish of Kokemäki was built in the area of Liikistö, which later probably became an independent parish. Later the church was moved to the place of today's church in the village of Ulvila (today Vanhakylä, "old village"). At this time the name of the parish was also changed.
While Haistila was a Finnish-speaking village from the beginning, the later villages were created as a result of Swedish settlement. A possible contributing factor to the interest of Swedish settlers in this part of the coast was the ownership rights of the Bishop of Turku to the fishing grounds and banks of Liikistö and Anola. The area was probably administered by Swedish tenants. As early as the 15th century, however, the villages began to turn to the Finnish language, as can be seen from the contemporary names.
The town of Ulvila was established in the first half of the 14th century on the site of the old trading post. The citizens of Ulvila were referred to as townspeople as early as 1344, but the Swedish King Albrecht of Mecklenburg Ulvila only granted formal town charter on February 7, 1365 . Kokemäki's trading rights were transferred to Ulvila in the 1440s. The development of Ulvila stood in the way, however, that the city did not receive the stacking right , which was a prerequisite for trade with foreign countries. Trade could only be carried out with Stockholm and Turku. It was not until the end of the 15th century that Ulvila was granted the right to sail freely, but its use remained limited due to the warlike unrest of the time.
The only medieval building in Ulvila, the Church of St. Olaf, was built on the current site in the 14th century. It is unclear whether today's church is this church of origin, as on the one hand dendrochronological studies date the church to the 1480s, on the other hand coins from the 14th century were found in the foundation walls.
Beginning of the modern age
The Union Wars had already hit the residents of Ulvila hard, but the city received the fatal blow in 1550 when King Gustav I Wasa ordered the guarantors of Ulvila to relocate to the newly founded Helsinki . Although the citizens were allowed to return after a few years, the city has not recovered from this blow. In 1558, the Duke of Finland and later King John ordered the establishment of the city of Pori seven kilometers closer to the coast to the mouth of the Kokemäenjoki, which is now located there.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Ulvila was a rural area characterized by manors. Wars, famine and military service led to the abandonment of many farms. Regardless, the population increased from 350 in 1535 to 600 at the end of the 17th century. Growth accelerated after the Great Northern War . Farms that had fallen to the Crown because of unpaid taxes were bought as hereditary farms. These and the large farms began to set up small leasehold farms on the outskirts of their land, the residents of which opened up a large part of today's arable land. The marsh meadows of Lattomeri were also drained, resulting in hundreds of hectares of new arable land. The population grew from 750 in 1750 to 3800 in 1855.
Industrialization and social upheaval
In the 18th century, an ironworks was founded in Leineperi , which refined swamp ore into wrought iron and produced the lime required for mortar . A community of its own developed around the hut in Leineperi.
The transition to modern society gradually improved the living conditions of the people. From the 1880s onwards, there was a systematic alternation in agriculture , and cooperative mills and dairies were founded. In 1892, the 18-year-old Arthur Hellman (born July 20, 1874 in Huittinen, † 1937) founded the Friitala leather factory, which after his death was continued by his sons Artturi and Arvi Hellemaa, who transformed the village of Friitila into an industrial community . In 1895 the railway line from Tampere to Pori was completed with stops in Friitala and Haistila. It is characteristic of the contemporary transport methods that Haistila served as a terminus for goods transport, from where the goods were loaded onto barges for river transport to the port. The river was also used for rafting wood from the late 19th century to the 1960s.
In the municipal reform of 1865, the administration of the parish and the political community was separated from each other. The first community meeting was held in 1868. The workers and the small tenants did not have their say here, because the right to vote was based on tax payments and property. Ulvila was one of the most industrialized areas of Finland at that time: almost 30 percent of the population worked in industry. The labor movement in Ulvila was accordingly given a strong position from the start.
The first hiking school was founded in Ulvila in 1855, but the first elementary school only in 1880. The provost Stenbäck had already founded a lending library in 1865. The other innovations of the time also found their way into Ulvila: In 1898 the Kaasmarkku volunteer fire brigade was founded and in 1906 a youth association was founded in Ulvila. Apparently because of the strength of the labor movement, the activity of the youth association remained low until the civil war.
Socialism and civil war
In the parliamentary elections in 1916, the Social Democratic Party received a record support of 77 percent of the vote. During the Finnish civil war in 1918, Ulvila was a stronghold of the “Reds”. On their side fought 1500-2500 residents of Ulvila, while about 40 men on the side of the " whites " actively participated in the war. The front between red and white Finland ran immediately north of Ulvila. However, there were no major battles in this area, in particular due to the inadequate transport connections, which did not allow larger troop movements. In connection with the civil war, 312 residents of Ulvila and 99 residents of the then independent municipality of Kullaa lost their lives, the lion's share of them in the prison camps after the end of the war.
After the civil war, the small tenant farmers were exempted by law, which resulted in the creation of around 160 new farms. The change in the commercial structure continued as industrialization progressed. During the Second World War, the villages of Toejoki, Koivisto, Ruosniemi and Kartano were ceded to the city of Pori, which led to a reduction in the industrial share of the Ulvila structure. The left parties remained strong, however, and the Social Democrats, like the Communist cover organizations, achieved good results in the various local elections. Ulvila still votes for a majority of left-wing parties.
post war period
After the Second World War , around 1,600 refugees were settled in Ulvila, mainly from the Hiitola parish in the part of Karelia ceded to the Soviet Union , who exert a noticeable cultural influence in today's Ulvila. The population continued to grow, and in the 1960s the city began an active land policy, selling an average of around fifty home lots annually. This is how the home areas of Krapisto, Mynsteri, Rantala, Suurpää, Nummela, Loukkura, Naapuri and Mukulamäki were created. In Vanhakylä and Friitala more and more multi-storey houses were built.
The corporate structure of Ulvila has changed towards a service society. The Friitala leather factory has shrunk from 1,500 employees to a few tens. It was replaced by the high-tech companies Cimcorp Oy, Neorem Magnets and the Boliden and OMG copper works on the city limits of Pori.
Efforts to implement structural reforms in the community also had an impact on Ulvila. Kullaa, previously split off from Ulvila as an independent municipality, returned to the municipality association with Ulvila in 2005. Since 2000 Ulvila calls itself a city again. In recent years there has been a slight decrease in the number of inhabitants, particularly as a result of young people moving away to work or study.
Villages
The definitions of the villages in Ulvila are ambiguous, but in general the following settlements are counted as villages of Ulvila:
- Friitala, the development center of Ulvila
- Haistila, an agricultural area on the banks of the Kokemypenjoki south of Friitala
- Harjunpää, a village with 1500 inhabitants characterized by industrial workers and agriculture
- Kaasmarkku
- Lattomeri, agricultural area bordering Pori
- Rantala, home area with around 500 residents
- Ravaninkylä, an agricultural area on the banks of the Kokemäenjoki south of Vanhakylä
- Suosmeri, a smaller village between Harjunpää and Vanhakylä
- Vanhakylä, the historical center of Ulvila, in which the church, the fire station , the health center and the parish hall are located
The following villages are located in the area of Kullaa:
- Ahmauksenkylä
- Järventausta
- Kangas, the church village
- Koski, the old administrative center of Kullaa, in which the health house is located
- Leineperi, the historic ironworks area
- Levanpelto
- Palus
- Saarijärvi
Town twinning
-
Ljusdal , Sweden -
Suure-Jaani , Estonia
Sons and daughters of Ulvila
- Simo Frangén , moderator
- Kaarlo Kangasniemi (* 1941), Olympic champion in weightlifting
- Sylvi Salonen , actor
Individual evidence
- ↑ Maanmittauslaitos (Finnish land surveying office): Suomen pinta-alat kunnittain January 1, 2010 (PDF; 199 kB)
- ↑ Statistical Office Finland: Table 11ra - Key figures on population by region, 1990-2018
- ↑ www.friitala.fi ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- www.ulvila.fi - Official website of the city of Ulvila (English)
