Kirchberg (Neusalza-Spremberg)
| Kirchberg | ||
|---|---|---|
| height | 341 m above sea level NN | |
| location |
Germany , Saxony ( Görlitz district ) |
|
| Mountains | Upper Lusatian highlands | |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 2 '18 " N , 14 ° 32' 6" E | |
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| rock | Lusatian granodiorite | |
The Kirchberg is a smaller elevation of 341 m above sea level. NN of the small Saxon town of Neusalza-Spremberg in the district of Görlitz .
Location and name
The Kirchberg, also known as "Spremberger Kirchberg" since time immemorial, is located south of the Spree , in the center of the eastern half of the town hall of Neusalza-Spremberg. To the north and northwest, the Kirchberg falls steeply into the Spreetal, where the river flows around it in an almost semicircular manner. It also drops steeply to the east. The houses there were laid out in terraces. To the south the hill is bounded by the Zittauer Straße, which rises in its tangent from east to west. In a south-westerly and westerly direction, the Kirchberg merges almost unnoticed through a narrow ridge into a plateau on which the town of Neu-Salza has been built since 1670. The name "Kirchberg" is derived from the church in Spremberg , the main church of today's city, which was built in the 13th century.
Geology and geography
The granite Kirchberg, like the other elevations in the city, is one of the extensive rock deposits of the " Lusatian granite slab " that stand out from it. The small mountain is covered with a loess clay blanket, which shows up as steeply sloping meadows on the north and north-west slopes. The narrow paved “Kirchweg” overcomes the mountain like a serpentine from the Zittauer Straße down the valley over a Spreebrücke to the Bundesstraße 96. Nowadays the Spree flows in a regulated form in a wide valley basin below the north slope of the Kirchberg. The Kirchberg is the only one of the elevations in the city of Neusalza-Spremberg that directly touches the Spree, if one disregards the “Sternberg”, called “Starnberg” in the Upper Lusatian dialect, in the “ Spreepark ”. It does not represent a mountain in the usual sense, but represents the highest edge (341 m above sea level) of this notched valley , which is also known as the scale. The northern slope of the Kirchberg has light trees.
history
The Kirchberg is the actual "historical mountain" of Neusalza-Spremberg, as the first settlers of the Waldhufendorf at the time of the German settlement in the east in the course of the 12th and 13th centuries recognized it strategically as a kind of bastion - a place of refuge in times of war. In addition, due to its central location, it was formally suitable for the construction of a church for the new German settlement. The historical forerunner of today's church was built around 1250, and the mighty stone replica from later times towers over the valley of the Spree as before (see Spremberg village church ). At the eastern foothills of the Kirchberg, the historic country road from Bohemia to Bautzen, called the " Kaiserstraße ", came from the Hutzelberg and crossed the Spreefurt, which no longer exists today, before continuing along today's valley road. In 1347 the King of Bohemia and later Roman-German Emperor Charles IV traveled on it through Spremberg to pay homage to the Lusatian estates in Bautzen .
During the Hussite Wars , which also spread to the Bohemian Upper Lusatia , Spremberg was overrun around 1430, the Kirchberg was stormed and the church, which was important at the time, was burned to the ground. The reason for this was apparently provided by the secular and spiritual village authorities at the time, represented in the person of the Spremberg landlord Sigmund von Raussendorf and his brother, pastor Friedrich von Raussendorf , who appeared as opponents of the Hussites. In 1432 the Spremberg church must have been rebuilt, as an inscription "Anno 1432" on its north wall documented, which was lost when the church was rebuilt in 1901.
On the plateau of the Kirchberg, next to the church, the small Spremberger cemetery and the massive rectory with garden from 1727 have been located since an earlier time. On the outer wall of the apse of the Spremberg church and in the old cemetery a number of remarkable grave monuments can be seen, such as the pastor and multiple Magister Zacharias Steinel (1657–1710); the pastor Magister Israel Traugott Garmann (1684–1746); of Official Hauptmann the rule Hoyerswerda , Siegfried of Metzradt (1600-1668); of the "Commissarius" of the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, Wolf Heinrich von Leubnitz (1601–1665) or the long-distance merchant Friedrich Vogtlitz or Vognels from London , who died in Spremberg and was buried here on May 30, 1745. On the eastern slope there was also a stele for those who died in the community during the First World War (1914–1918).
literature
- Walter Heinich : Spremberg. Attempt on a local history of the parish village Spremberg in the Saxon Upper Lusatia . Spremberg u. Schirgiswalde 1918.
- Gunther Leupolt with input from Siegfried Seifert: The history of the Spremberger church . In: History and stories from Neusalza-Spremberg, Volume 3, Ed .: Kultur- und Heimatfreunde Neusalza-Spremberg e. V. Neusalza-Spremberg: Michael Voigt 2007, pp. 15-23.
- Lutz Mohr : Neusalza-Spremberg and its monuments. About bizarre natural structures and stone witnesses of local history . In: History and stories from Neusalza-Spremberg, Volume 4. Ed. ed. by Günter Hensel. Neusalza-Spremberg: Kultur- und Heimatfreunde eV 2011.
- Gustav Hermann Schulze : From Neusalza's past and the second secular celebration . Ebersbach: RO Gnauck 1917. Photomechanical reprint: Neusalza-Spremberg: Michael Voigt 1998.