Monasteries in Saarlouis

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In the history of the city of Saarlouis , several branches of Catholic orders were formed.

Capuchin monastery

Reconstruction of the town of Wallerfangen before it was destroyed, on the far right the Capuchin monastery, now the location of Villeroy Castle
Location of the new Capuchin monastery on the Saar Canal after resettlement, Carte des environs de Sarrelouis, 1765 (Saarlouis City Museum and City Archives); Today the monastery grounds are undeveloped arable and tree areas on the edge of the Lisdorfer Aue (Kapuzineraue)
Wallerfangen, Villeroy Castle, built on the foundations of the former Capuchin monastery

On the orders of the French King Louis XIV, the Capuchin monastery in Wallerfang (today the location of Villeroy Castle ) was relocated to Lisdorfer Au (Kapzinerschanze on a Saarfurt).

The monastery in Wallerfangen was founded during the Thirty Years' War in 1628 with the economic support of Duke Charles IV of Lorraine . The monks were mainly active in nursing. As early as 1635, the still young founding of the monastery was severely destroyed during the conquest of Wallerfangen by the imperial lieutenant general and Feldzeugmeister Matthias Gallas . Reconstruction was slow, so the financially supported relocation to Saarlouis offered an opportunity.

From 1741 onwards, Albert de Lasalle, Lord of Dillingen, built a mansion on the ruins of the Wallerfang monastery, which is now owned by the Villeroy family. 25 fathers from the Champagne region moved into the new monastery building in Lisdorfer Aue (Kapuzineraue) . The monastery building with walls and bastions could also be used as a citadel to protect the Saarfurt in the event of an attack. The monastery cellars were developed as casemates, in which soldiers could be accommodated if necessary. The monastery church was consecrated in 1718.

In the course of the French Revolution, the municipal council of Saarlouis asked the monastery management and the other monasteries in the area - the Wadgassen Abbey , the Fraulautern Abbey and the Augustinian Monastery in Saarlouis - to draw up an inventory of their properties. In addition, the municipal council was empowered to release all members of the order who wanted to leave the monastery from their vows. Thereupon the Capuchins pointed out in a petition addressed to the municipal council by the monastery management that the pastoral care they had given to the population was necessary and hoped that the monastery would be preserved. The last chapter meeting of the Capuchins took place on January 7, 1791. In June 1791, by decision of the department administration, the Carmelites from the monastery on the Limberg and Capuchins from Saargemünd were quartered in the monastery building. In July 1791 the department administration ordered the sale of the monastery inventory. When the monastery management resisted this by pointing out that the monastery had not yet been dissolved, the monks were accused of being counter-revolutionary sympathizers and enemies of the civil constitution, who, under the guise of religious practice, did seditious work against the state. The Capuchin monastery, which is located on the outermost border of France, where the revolutionary spirit has not yet sufficiently established itself, poses a threat to the security of the French nation. After a smear campaign against the monastery, the monastery church was initially closed. In June 1792 the monastery bell was requisitioned to be melted down. The monastery was finally vacated at the end of August and beginning of September 1792. The monastery inventory was auctioned and the monastery buildings came into the possession of the military administration, who used them as barracks and hospital.

In 1795 the buildings were to be auctioned off to the public, but this did not happen. During the Prussian period in 1821 the monastery area was named "Fort Rauch". In 1889 the entire area was leveled.

Augustinian monastery

Wallerfangen Augustinian Monastery (Conventus Walderfingensis Ord. Erem. S. Augustini Provinciae Coloniensis), engraving by Johann Matthias Steidlin (also Steudlin), 1731, Today the Wallerfang parish church of St. Catherine is located on the site of the monastery church
Wallerfangen, St. Katharina Church, location of the former Augustinian monastery church
Former Augustinian monastery in Saarlouis around 1720, later college, then the site of the Canisianum ; The path shown in front of the monastery is today's Augustinerstraße, the left lateral boundary of the monastery area next to the monastery church is today's Stiftsstraße, in the area of ​​the apse of the monastery church is now the Canisianum chapel
Wilhelm Peter Schmitz : Saarlouis, St. Petrus Canisius, interior

The Augustinian monastery in Wallerfang, founded in 1306, was relocated to Saarlouis with half of the priests in 1691, while the original monastery continued to exist. The monks initially lived in some of the rooms in the pavilion in Saarlouis. The Trier diocese administration had given permission to move in a letter dated November 29, 1687. Administratively, the monastery belonged to the Cologne Order Province. The German monks were a concession to the German-speaking part of the population of the new fortress town, who mainly came from Wallerfangen, and who encountered language barriers with regard to the French-speaking pastoral care provided by the Augustinian recollect fathers in St. Ludwig. In addition, due to its small building capacity, St. Ludwig also had to rely on an alternative church given the high number of people attending services at the time. The Augustinians built a four-winged monastery complex in Saarlouis, which was laid out around a gardened inner courtyard. The church and the convent were built between 1691 and 1695. The expansion work went beyond the year 1695. The French King Louis XIV made a donation of 600 livres to the convent in this regard. There were also numerous donations from the population. The appearance of the newly built facility is recorded in an engraving from 1720. The monastery church, which was laid out a little shorter in length than the St. Ludwig church, was consecrated to St. Nicholas of Myra . With the funeral of the only five-year-old Cornelius Mathieu on August 1, 1696, the first burial took place within the monastery church. King Ludwig XIV confirmed the new branch in Saarlouis in a letter in 1705, praising the quality of pastoral care and Latin lessons for the youth of Saarlouis ("Car tel est notre Plaisir").

On the orders of King Louis XV. However, the Wallerfanger and Saarlouis Augustinian monks had to leave their two monasteries in 1751 and were replaced by French-speaking monks. Also by royal order, this time by Louis XVI. , the Wallerfanger and Saarlouiser Konvent was merged with effect from July 22nd, 1777. The result was that the last Wallerfang monks now moved to Saarlouis. The wish to merge had come from the monks themselves. They continued to provide pastoral care in Wallerfangen, however, and the Wallerfang monastery church also continued to exist, while the other Wallerfang convent buildings were all torn down. The monastery library was brought to Saarlouis. The valuable book inventory was completely lost in the turmoil of the French Revolution.

In the wake of the French Revolution in 1790, all orders were abolished. The clerics who wanted to leave received a state pension with a temporary interruption in the Terreur phase, while those monks who wanted to continue living in a monastic community had to move to so-called "maisons de réunion". Nuns were allowed to live in their monasteries until 1792. Ordinary vestments were no longer allowed to be worn. As early as October 5, 1790, the Saarlouis district administration intended to set up administrative offices in the monastery building. Since February 18, 1791, the city council had been planning to set up a municipal teaching college in the rooms. The convent was abolished at the end of 1790. On November 20, 1791, the Saarlouis Jacobin Club turned the monastery building into its meeting room. The district administration intends to sell the monastery area. When no suitable buyer could be found, attempts were made to rent out the rooms from January 1792. After a short renovation, this happened on March 13, 1792 with the signing of a rental contract by a Saarlouis citizen, whereupon the remaining monks in the building were forcibly evacuated. The lease was terminated in 1793 and the monastery was converted into a prison.

The monastery church was demolished in 1806. The other cloister rooms were used as an imperial college during Napoleon's time until a royal Prussian high school was established in 1816. However, this educational facility was reduced to a single-class middle school in the following year. A hospital was built on the rest of the monastery grounds (today's Canisianum (Saarlouis) ). The last baroque parts of the building were removed in 1840 in order to build the new hospice house there by the Koblenz architect Johann Claudius von Lassaulx .

The associated hospital chapel was built in 1901 by the Trier cathedral builder Wilhelm Peter Schmitz in the style of Rhenish Neo-Late Romanesque.

- - The apse of the chapel originally had a ribbed vault, which was destroyed in the Second World War and was replaced by a flat ceiling during the reconstruction. The roof pitch of the apis was constructed much lower than it was originally. The choir windows were re-glazed in 1951. With this measure, the ship's clover-leaf windows were all bricked up.

After the city hospital was moved, the Jesuit order bought the property in 1929 . The order set up a student hostel here, which, however, had to close its doors again in 1931.

A comprehensive restoration of the complex took place between 1979 and 1980. Part of the premises served the Jesuit fathers living there as living and working areas, the rest was rented out as office and practice rooms. In 2007 the Jesuits gave up their previous branch in Saarlouis and the church was profaned . The building became the property of the city of Saarlouis again, which sold the church and the monastery building to an architect three years later in 2010. In the same year, he sold the divorced sacred building to a funeral home that wanted to use it as an urn burial site (columbarium) . The Old Catholic Church should be the sponsor , since according to the Saarland Funeral Act , only religious communities that are corporations under public law (KdöR) are allowed to set up cemeteries . The plans also envisaged the simultaneous use of the church by the Old Catholic community in Saarbrücken. However, since the city of Saarlouis did not approve this, the venture failed.

In 2012, through the mediation of the pastor of St. Ludwig at the time, Ralf Hiebert, and the mayor of Saarlouis, Roland Henz, the St. Petrus Society acquired the vacant church building at a price of € 150,000 in order to hold Holy Mass there every day according to the traditional Tridentine rite to celebrate. The reopening and benediction of the church took place on June 10, 2012. In the same year, the Peter Brotherhood was also able to buy the former Jesuit house adjoining the church and set up a priest's apartment and community rooms there.

In 2014 the inside of the church of the Canisianum was cleaned and occasionally missing parts of the historic painting were replaced. In 2016, the roof beams and the facade were renovated with the support of a specially founded association (Förderverein Canisianum Saarlouis e.V., founded in 2014) and the German Foundation for Monument Protection . In a second construction phase, the reconstruction of the apse and the opening of the bricked up blind windows are to take place.

Settlement of the Borromean Sisters

Johann Claudius von Lassaulx : Former hospital building on the site of the former Augustinian monastery in Saarlouiser Stiftstrasse

In 1687, the goods and income of the Wallerfanger St. Anna-Stift merged with the Saarlouis cashier of the poor hospital (Hospice de charité). Already in 1698 the urban poor relief was completely transferred to the parish of St. Ludwig. In 1783 the parish, in cooperation with the city administration of Saarlouis, established the hospital at Bierstrasse 7 as an independent institute for the poor and sick on behalf of King Louis XVI. The hospital was nationalized during the French Revolution in 1792. The first Borromean women came to Saarlouis on July 30, 1810 and took care of the sick in the city hospital in Bierstrasse. The order was established in Nancy in Lorraine in 1652 as the Sisters of Love of St. Charles Borromeo was founded. Due to the limited space in Bierstraße, a new hospital was set up in 1841 on the corner plot of Augustinerstraße / Stiftstraße, on which the old Augustinian monastery had previously stood. The Koblenz architect Johann Claudius von Lassaulx , who worked closely with Karl Friedrich Schinkel , created the design for the "Hospitienhaus" . The building is two-story and has a high pitched roof. The alternation of a frieze of wide triangles and narrower round arches visually divides the building into two areas. The hospice chapel was consecrated the following year, 1842. To promote the education of girls, the Borromean women opened a three-class secondary school for girls in 1859. Between 1865 and 1867 the sister establishment was expanded. As a result of the Kulturkampf, five sisters who worked as primary school teachers were banned from teaching by the state. Two years later, in 1878, the management of the hospital was given to the Poor's Commission. At the suggestion of the Catholic women's association of St. Ludwig, the Borromean women founded a children's institution in 1883. On the initiative of the Fatherland Women's Association in Saarlouis, the Borromean women were appointed to head an additional children's institution in 1884. In 1887 the sisters opened a handicraft school for young girls. For the construction of a new hospital church, the Borromean sisters commissioned the Metz and Trier cathedral builder Wilhelm Schmitz, who built the neo-Romanesque sacred structure, today's Canisianum chapel, in 1900/1901. The rest of the hospital building was rebuilt between 1904 and 1906. The poor and hospital administration was legally separated from each other in 1908.

When the Kaibel barracks in Vaubanstraße was converted into a modern hospital for the city of Saarlouis in the years 1926 to 1928 by city planning officer Kleefisch, city architect Schmitt and architect Winz, the Borromean women moved there. After continued harassment by the Nazi regime, the order left the city in 1939.

The hospital on Vaubanstrasse, which was badly damaged after air raids in 1942, was rebuilt in several stages from 1945 onwards. In July 1984 the non-profit hospital GmbH of the sororities Saarbrücken / Rheinpfalz took over the sponsorship from the German Red Cross, today "DRK Krankenhaus GmbH Saarland". Today the hospital has main departments for surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, anesthesia and intensive care medicine, as well as specialist departments for urology, neurosurgery, gynecology and obstetrics.

Branch of the Franciscan Sisters

Rosa Flesch, painting around 1866 by Octavie de Lasalle
St. Elisabeth Clinic, Saarlouis, building of the Franciscan branch, current condition after destruction in the Second World War and modified reconstruction

In 1875, Rosa Flesch, who was beatified in 2008, founded the Saarlouis branch of the Franciscan Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary of on the mediation of the Saarlouis citizen Delphine Motte (actually Gertrud Bernhardine Delphine Motte, July 11, 1816 in Fremersdorf to February 5, 1898 in Metz) the angels (Waldbreitbach Franciscan Sisters) first in Augustinerstraße, then in Herrenstraße. The Franciscan Sisters should be active in nursing in Saarlouis. The first building was opened on May 11, 1875. Delphine Motte, daughter and, after the death of her three sisters, sole heir of the Saarlouis notary Louis Henri Motte (1781–1863, notary in Saarlouis since 1817) and his wife Elisabeth ( née Valette, 1783–1883), had given three Franciscan Sisters a furnished apartment in their house on Augustinerstraße for charitable purposes and subsequently provided the small religious establishment with numerous donations and land surrenders. Delphine Motte lived from 1870 on the estate in Ancy-sur-Moselle near Metz, which her father had acquired , but visited her Saarlouis Foundation several times a year. Delphine Motte also donated plenty of money for the neo-Gothic construction of the burned down church tower of St. Ludwig and the casting of the tower bells. Delphine Motte's uncle was the Saarlouis local researcher Nikolaus Bernhard Motte (1777-1860), the author of the basic work "Manuscrit tiré des archives même de Sarrelouis et de ses environs".

Other Saarlouis citizens were responsible for supplying the young religious establishment with food. Due to the close contact with infected patients, several sisters and three of the superiors died of tuberculosis in the early days of the foundation. During the Kulturkampf, the social and charitable order was forbidden to accept young women into the novitiate until 1882. In October 1888, Delphine Motte bought a house at Herrenstrasse 33 from Johann Baptist Steffen from Nancy, in which the Saarlouis district administrator Heinrich Friedrich von Selasinsky had previously lived, and gave it to the Franciscan nuns. The apartment in Delphine Motte's house on Augustinerstraße came back into their ownership. Delphine Motte now donated her entire house in Augustinerstrasse to the parish of St. Ludwig, who left it as a maid's house to the Borromean women. At the suggestion of Pastor Alexander Subtil, jobless maids should find temporary accommodation here. In exchange for board and lodging, they then worked in the housekeeping of the Borromean women. In August 1890 the parish also opened a handicraft school and a custody facility in this maid home. A neo-Gothic chapel was soon added to the house of the Waldbreitbach Franciscan Sisters on Herrenstrasse. The move into the branch called "Marienhaus" took place in the summer of 1889. As early as 1888, the Trier bishop Michael Felix Korum had delimited the areas of responsibility of the Saarlouis sisters from one another: the Franciscan nuns were to take over the outpatient care, while the inpatient care was the responsibility of the Borromean women.

Thanks to the financial legacy of Delphine Motte, who died in 1898, the Franciscan Sisters were able to erect a large building in neo-Gothic style from autumn 1899 and open it on Easter in 1902 (March 30, 1902). Prelate Alexander Subtil inaugurated the new building with chapel. The Saarlouis city council had given the sisters the 22- acre building site at cost price. Other Saarlouis citizens donated large sums to build the new sister establishment. The house on Herrenstrasse has now been sold. The Dillinger doctor Dr. Poller, who had previously run a private clinic in his parents' house in the neighboring community in Saarlouis, moved into his inpatient medical service in the rooms of the Saarlouis sister house. The house had to be expanded in 1907 and was officially named "St. Elisabeth Clinic" after St. Elisabeth of Thuringia in 1942 . As early as 1920, the parish of St. Ludwig transferred all of its partial ownership of the company, including the house and gardens, to the sisters. From 1951 the neo-Gothic hospital building was expanded. A new ward block was moved into on June 11, 1971 and renovated between 2004 and 2008. In January 2007 the administrations of the Saarlouis Clinic and the Völklingen St. Michael Hospital merged. On June 1, 2012, the St. Elisabeth Clinic Saarlouis and the Caritas Hospital Dillingen merged to form the Marienhaus Clinic Saarlouis-Dillingen.

Gertrudenstift

Location of the former Gertrudenstift, now the Gymnasium am Stadtgarten, built 1958–1960 in place of the military hospital from 1680–1685, which was demolished in 1957; the baroque sub-construction still exists
Saarlouis, hospital building, demolished in 1957, today the location of the Saarlouiser Gymnasium am Stadtgarten (photo taken around 1900, archive of the Museum Wallerfangen)

The military hospital built between 1680 and 1685, today the location of the Saarlouiser Gymnasium am Stadtgarten , was under the Prussian military treasury until 1920, then passed into the administration of the government commission of the Saar area and was rented by this to the Caritas Association Saarbrücken. The association made the building available to the "Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph" (Trier). The building now served as a monastery under the name "Gertrudenstift" (named after the order's founder, Mother Gertrud, Josephine Countess Schaffgotsch, 1850–1922). The order ran an educational facility in the building for young, vulnerable girls who were taught housekeeping and tailoring. Sister Mirjam (Else Michaelis, 1889–1942), who worked in the Gertrudenstift and was of Jewish origin, was brought from Saarlouis to the Netherlands by the order's leadership after the Saar was incorporated into the National Socialist German Empire in order to evade persecution by the regime. However, she was picked up on August 2, 1942 and murdered in Auschwitz on August 9, 1942.

The Gertrudenstift was closed in 1936 because the Wehrmacht demanded the building back as a former military building . While the girls were housed in the “Monastery of the Good Shepherd” in Trier, the sisters moved to Gersweiler , where the parish made them the offer of the “St. Josefshaus ”to take over.

Immediately after the Second World War , the upholstered furniture factory Bottle operated a manufacturing facility in the building.

In 1957, the baroque hospital building on the Hornwerk in the Stadtgarten was torn down and, according to plans by Heinrich Latz, the new grammar school at the Stadtgarten was built from 1958 to 1960, which was ready to move into in November 1960. Only the substructure walls of the traditional baroque building from the time of Louis XIV remained.

literature

  • Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985.
  • Jörg Sonnet: 330 years of the parish church of St. Ludwig Saarlouis (1685–2015) . In: Our home. Bulletin of the Saarlouis district for culture and landscape , volume 40, issue 1, 2015, pp. 28–34.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Theodor Liebertz: Wallerfangen and its history edited from archival sources . Wallerfangen 1953, pp. 281-282.
  2. ^ The art monuments of the Ottweiler and Saarlouis districts , edited by Walter Zimmermann, 2nd edition, Saarbrücken 1976, p. 236; Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 134-138.
  3. ↑ Founding of the convent 1306, church building 1309, see: Saarforschungsgemeinschaft (ed.): The art monuments of the Ottweiler and Saarlouis districts , edited by Walter Zimmermann, 2nd, unchanged edition, Saarbrücken 1976, p. 295.
  4. ^ Theodor Liebertz: Wallerfangen and its history edited from archival sources . Wallerfangen 1953, pp. 277-280; Heiner Bonnaire: On the history of the Saarlouis State Gymnasium, in: 300 Years of Saarlouis Gymnasium am Stadtgarten, Saarlouis 1991, pp. 16–61.
  5. ↑ Roland Henz u. Jo Enzweiler (ed.): Saarlouis Stadt und Stern / Sarrelouis - Ville et Étoile , text: Oranna Dimmig, translation into French: Anne-Marie Werner, Saarbrücken 2011, pp. 69 and 118; Catholic parish office St. Ludwig in Saarlouis (ed.): St. Ludwig - Saarlouis , Erolzheim 1960, p. 11; Jörg Schmitz: Life and work of the architect Wilhelm Peter Schmitz (1864–1944), master builder, monument conservator, art writer and Lorraine curator. A Rhenish architect of late historicism (Aachen, Cologne, Trier, Metz) , Volume 1: Biography and illustrations, Volume 2: Catalog raisonné, Tönning a. a. 2005; Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 124-134.
  6. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, p. 149; Hans Jörg Schu: History of the Canisianum , in: Information sheet of the Priestly Society of St. Petrus , June 2012, p. 7.
  7. ↑ Saarland Law on Cemetery, Funeral and Corpses, Section 2 .
  8. ↑ Johannes Werres: A house of worship for the last rest ( Memento from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), In: Saarbrücker Zeitung , November 8, 2010.
  9. ↑ Saarland Law on Cemetery, Funeral and Corpses , Section 4 ; Johannes Werres: Does diversity make cemeteries more expensive? In: Saarbrücker Zeitung , May 21, 2011; Johannes Werres: Daily masses in the old rite . In: Saarbrücker Zeitung , May 4, 2012.
  10. ↑ Information sheet of the Society of St. Peter June 2012, pp. 4-6.
  11. ↑ petrusbruderschaft.de, accessed on March 15, 2016.
  12. ^ Father André Hahn (FSSP): We are renovating . In: Information sheet of the Priestly Society of St. Peter , April 2016, p. 3; Written communication by Father André Hahn FSSP dated March 15, 2016.
  13. ↑ drk-kliniken-saar.de accessed on March 19, 2016.
  14. ↑ Oranna Elisabeth Dimmig: Saarlouis Stadt und Stern / Sarrelouis - Ville et Étoile , translation into French: Anne-Marie Werner, ed. v. Roland Henz and Jo Enzweiler Saarbrücken 2011, p. 118.
  15. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 139–141, part 2, pp. 7–8.
  16. ↑ drk-kliniken-saar.de accessed on March 19, 2016.
  17. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 147-148; lokalesbuendnis.saarlouis.de accessed on March 20, 2016; saarland-biografien.de ( Memento from March 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on March 20, 2016; Wallraff card index , Volume XLIV, Wed-Mon, archive of the Saarlouis district.
  18. ↑ Catholic Parish Office St. Ludwig in Saarlouis (ed.): St. Ludwig - Saarlouis , Erolzheim 1960, pp. 11–12; Severin Delges: History of the Catholic parish St. Ludwig in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension by a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 141–147; marienhaus-klinikum-saar.de, accessed on March 19, 2016.
  19. ↑ josefsschwestern-trier.de accessed on September 28, 2015.
  20. ↑ Severin Delges: history of the Catholic Parish of St. Louis in Saarlouis . Saarlouis-Lisdorf 1931, extension to include a second part by Heinrich Unkel in 1952, extension to include a third part by Marga Blasius in 1985, part 1, pp. 148-149.
  21. ↑ josefsschwestern-trier.de accessed on September 28, 2015; adolfbender.de accessed on September 28, 2015.
  22. ↑ Order archive of the Joseph Sisters to the Gertrudenstift
  23. ↑ c-asche.de accessed on September 28, 2015.
  24. ↑ Oranna Dimmig: Saarlouis City and Star / Sarrelouis - Ville et Étoile , ed. by Roland Henz u. Jo Enzweiler, translation into French: Anne-Marie Werner, Saarbrücken 2011, pp. 54–55.