John the Baptist Monastery (Moscow)
The St. John the Baptist Monastery or Ivanovsky Convent ( Russian Иоанно-Предтеченский Ивановский женский ставропигиальный монастырь ( Ioanno-Predtetschenski Ivanovsky schenski stawropigijalny monastyr ), literally stauropegiales Convent of John the Baptist , Ivanovsky) in Moscow is a large Russian Orthodox convent . It is the main sanctuary of John the Baptist in Moscow.
It is located in the center of Moscow, within the boulevard ring , near the Kitai-Gorod metro station , on the northern bank of the Moskva River and in the eastern part of the historical district of Bely Gorod on Ivanovskaya Gorka hill.
16th and 17th centuries
The first collegiate church of the Beheading of John the Baptist was built in 1585. The monastery was probably built in the second half of the 16th century under Ivan IV , whose name day was celebrated on August 29, the day of the beheading of John the Baptist. It is first mentioned in 1604 and served as a place of exile for royal and noble women. In 1610 the wife of Tsar Vasily Shuiski , Maria Petrovna, and in 1620 the second wife of Ivan the Terrible's son, Pelageja, were banished to the monastery and consecrated as nuns. One of the well-known nuns was Dosiphea, the alleged princess Tarakanowa .
18th and 19th centuries
In the 1730s there were rumors that many nuns participated in Chlysten rituals . Her abbess was found guilty and sentenced to death.
After the fires of 1737 and 1748, the monastery was rebuilt at the expense of the Tsar's state treasure and renovated in 1761 by Tsarina Elizabeth I , who had an orphanage and widow's house built for the "noble and deserving people".
The monastery became famous for its spiritual champions and was also used for purposes of reform. In his cellars and monks' cells were criminals such as the serial killer Darya Nikolaevna Saltykova and stubborn Raskolniki . In the fire of Moscow (1812) during the occupation by Napoleon's troops , the monastery was cremated and the nunnery was closed.
From 1861 to 1878 a new monastery complex was built according to the plans of the architect Mikhail Bykovsky (1801-1885). During the Russo-Ottoman war , this was the only hospital for the wounded in Moscow.
Soviet period until today
After the Russian Revolution , the nunnery was closed by the Soviet authorities in 1918 on the basis of Lenin's order of August 9, 1918 and became the territory of the Cheka . At the beginning of 1919 the second concentration camp (KZ) ( Russian концентрационный лагерь ) was built in the church and the monastery - after the Novospassky monastery . The church became the command center of the Cheka. The Ivanovo concentration camp was one of twelve in Moscow and was later converted into a special camp. Renamed the Forced Labor Camp in 1923 , it became the Experimental Correctional Department of the State Institute for the Study of Crime and Criminals in 1927 .
Later the Central State Archives of Moscow Oblast was established in the church . The monastery buildings housed the Distance College of Jurisprudence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR ( NKVD ), the Laboratory for Field Criminology ( Abthaus northwest of the cathedral) and in the hospital building next to the Church of Saint Yelisaveta an office of Mosenergo . The monastery complex was restored from 1970 to the 1980s.
In 1992 the monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. The convent was reopened in 2002.
Monastery complex and ensemble of buildings
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The new vaulted main church ( Katholikon ) "Cathedral of the Remembrance Day of the Beheading of John the Baptist" from 1879 in the neo-renaissance style - based on the model of Filippo Brunelleschi - is connected to the surrounding buildings by covered passages. The monastery complex is divided into four sectors.
To the east of the cathedral are the cells of the monastery chief and the hospital building with the house church of St. Jelisaveta. In 1992 the chapel of John the Baptist from the end of the 19th century was rebuilt.
The western cells date from 1760 to 1830, the eastern and northern cells from the 1860s, and the walls with towers from the 1860s. Almost all of the monastery buildings have been preserved, and some were rebuilt in the 1930s to 1960s.
Representatives of famous Moscow families such as the Volkonsky , Volyn, Obolensky , Ordin-Nastschökin, Shachowskaya, Shcherbatova were buried in the cemetery of the monastery .
Web links
- Official website of the monastery
- Sputnik News January 25, 2012: Moscow nunnery of St. John the Baptist
literature
- Ewald Behrens: Art in Russia. A travel companion to Russian art venues. 7th edition. DuMont-Buchverlag, Cologne 1986, ISBN 3-7701-0355-6 , ( DuMont documents - DuMont art travel guide ).
- Evelyn Scheer, Andrea Hapke: Moscow and the Golden Ring. Old Russian cities on Moskva, Oka and Volga. 2nd Edition. Trescher, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-89794-024-8 , ( Trescher travel series ).
- Joël Kotek, Pierre Rigoulot: The Century of Camps. Captivity, forced labor, extermination. Propylaen-Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-549-07143-4 , p. 129
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Stauropegial convent of John the Baptist (Iwanowski)
- ↑ Russia's Path from the Tsar to Putin (1/4), Ivanovsky Monastery, video from 1:02:55 ( Hugo Portisch )
- ↑ Famous prisoners of the Ivanovsky monastery ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 55 ° 45 '17.4 " N , 37 ° 38' 23.7" E