Rastede Monastery
The monastery Rastede was in the Middle Ages a monastery in Rastede in Oldenburg .
founding
The founding of the monastery in Rastede goes back to the year 1091. Count Huno and his wife Willna are considered the founding donors. The title of count is controversial, so it is believed that they had a count-like power of disposal through their possessions. Both wanted to set a spiritual monument for themselves with the foundation of the monastery. At first they planned a nunnery or a canons' convent . Since Huno died before the monastery was consecrated , a Friedrich, possibly Huno's son, completed the foundation of the monastery, which was finally consecrated in 1091 as a Benedictine monastery in honor of the Virgin Mary . Five years later, in 1096, the monastery church was also consecrated.
Heyday
The monastery was provided with ample possessions by Huno and Willna. The convent soon owned land in and around Rastede, in Ammerland , in Rüstringen , east of the Weser to Bardowick and Lüneburg , and in the area around Syke near Bremen . In addition, Friedrich (listed on a papal deed from 1124 ) added Westphalian possessions in Soest , Lüdenscheid , Iserlohn and Arnsberg . The Rastede Monastery quickly became a spiritual center of the region through the payment of the farmers' tithe and the resulting material independence of the monks.
In the 12th century, the power of protection and disposal fell to the Egilmaringen , the very family who were later to found the House of Oldenburg as Counts of Oldenburg . They saw the Bailiwick through their new “house monastery” as a welcome means of expanding their own sphere of influence; not always with positive consequences for the monks. Since the burden on the peasants was very high at the end of the 13th century, many peasants were forced to emigrate from the dominion. Acts of war, for example the battle of Altenesch in Stedingen , resulted in a loss of income and loss of life among the farmers. But the monks were financially dependent on their payments in order to secure their own relatively high standard of living.
Until the middle of the 15th century, the monastery church was also the burial place of the Oldenburg counts. The task of the monks was to pray for the salvation of the ruling house. In addition, the clergy were available to the counts with their artistic abilities and their (for this time) high level of education. The monk Hinrich Gloysteen made in 1336 on behalf of Johann III. the Oldenburger Sachsenspiegel , a handwritten copy of the Saxon legal text in Low German . Another monk from the monastery added ornate miniatures . A parchment manuscript of the Rasteder Chronik from the order ( written by Heinrich Wolters around 1450 ) and the Book of Life ("Liber vitae historia monasterii Rastedensis"), which began around the time the monastery was founded, are still stored in the Lower Saxony State Archives , Oldenburg . Both documents are important sources for research into medieval history in Oldenburg.
Decline
In 1476 the Oldenburg Count Gerd the Brave fortified the monastery with a moat and walls.
In the course of the Reformation , the monastery lost its spiritual foundation. Through pension payments to the monks, Count Christoph von Oldenburg , canon in Cologne and brother of the incumbent Count Anton I , succeeded in becoming provisional ( administrator ) of the dying order. After the last monk left the monastery in 1529, Christopher compared himself to his brothers and built himself a 'comfortable apartment' at the monastery. With the death of the former canon in 1566, the building also lost the last appearance of a church function.
With the end of the monastery in Rastede, the beginning of Rastede Castle , which was built on the same site, begins . The cellar vaults of the abbot's building are still preserved today. Also some Romanesque columns, which are behind the castle in the park.
Abbots of the monastery
- Detmar (1091-1123)
- Sweder (1123-1124)
- Simon (1124–1142)
- Siward (1142-1157)
- Donatian (1158-1184)
- Meinrich (1185-1226)
- Conrad (1227-1239)
- Lambert (1240-1260)
- Willekin von Mercele (1260–1267), moved to the Paulskloster near Bremen
- Otto (1267–1285), came from the Paulskloster
- Albert (1285-1292)
- Gottschalk (1292-1295)
- Heinrich von Nienburg (1295–1302)
- Arnold (1302-1317)
- John (1317-1347)
- Helmerich (1347-1374)
- Oltmann (1374-1380)
- Otto Schepel (1380-1389)
- Heinrich (1389-1401)
- Pure Reinerus (1401–1437)
- Johannes Fabri (1437-1444)
- Johannes von Gröpelingen (1444–1472)
- Erpold (1472–1499)
- Bernhard (1499–1504)
- Johannes Hesse (1504–1529)
Hankhausen monastery mill
In 1280, the abbot Otto at the time, according to the monastery chronicle, bought "the mill near the monastery including the courtyard of the Meier" . This is today's watermill in Hankhausen, a part of Rastede. It was one of at least two of the monastery's own mills. A second water mill was located southeast of the monastery in the Abtsbusch. With the spiritual decline of the monastery and the takeover of the buildings by the Oldenburg count family, the monastery mill also changed hands.
During the so-called Danish era in the county of Oldenburg, the mill was sold. In 1782, Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig , who also acquired Rastede Palace, bought the mill back and incorporated it into the palace gardens. In memory of an educational leave in Bern , he had the building rebuilt in today's Swiss style. In the right basement there are still old, reused wooden structures from the previous building.
In 1964 the Hankhauser Klostermühle became municipal property and in 1978 it was sold to private hands again. Today there is a restaurant in the building.
literature
- Matthias Nistal: The Kaiser von Rastede: Barbarossa adoration as a political signal (with explanations on the origin and meaning of the Liber vitae historia monasterii Rastedensis ) in: Oldenburger Jahrbuch 2017 p. 9-26, Oldenburg, Isensee-Verlag
- Friedrich W. Scheele: On the Oldenburg Illuminated Manuscript of the Sachsenspiegel from Rastede Monastery , Isensee Oldenburg, Oldenburg June 1997, ISBN 3895982865
- Michael Kusch: Festschrift for the 900th anniversary of the founding of Rastede Monastery , Littmann Verlag, Oldenburg 1991
- Heinrich Schmidt: On the early history of the Benedictine monastery Rastede in the yearbook of the Society for Lower Saxony. Church history , 90 (1992), pp. 7-30
- Margarethe Pauly: The water mill in Hankhausen, contribution to the mill, court and family history in Rasteder Archivbote , special edition August 1989, Isensee-Verlag
- Dirk E. Zoller: attempted reconstruction of the former Benedictine monastery in Rastede in the sassen speyghel, Sachsenspiegel - law - everyday life , articles and catalog for the exhibition, volume 2, Oldenburg 1995, Isensee-Verlag, ISBN 3--89598-241-5
- Dieter Zoller: Rastede Monastery and the Ulrichskirche in Der Spieker , magazine of the studio gallery, 1983, Rastede
- Dieter Zoller: Contributions to the archaeological survey of the Landkreis Ammerland, municipality Rastede in Oldenburger Jahrbuch 1978/79 S 327-329, Oldenburg, Isensee-Verlag
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The monastery columns of Rastede , pp. 57–59, in: If stones could talk , Volume II, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7842-0479-1 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Heinrich Schmidt : Wolters, Heinrich. Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 816–817 ( PDF )
- ↑ NLA OL Best. 23 -1 From No. 1 - Rasteder Chronik mit dem Li ... - Arcinsys detail page. Retrieved October 11, 2018 .
Coordinates: 53 ° 14 ′ 32.6 ″ N , 8 ° 12 ′ 6.8 ″ E