Franciscan monastery in Riedfeld
The Riedfeld Monastery (Latin Monasterium Riedfeldana ), also St. Wolfgang Monastery , was a monastery of the Franciscan Observants in Neustadt an der Aisch in Bavaria in the Diocese of Würzburg .
history
The monastery, consecrated to St. Wolfgang, was founded in 1458 by the margraves Johann (called Alchimista) and Albrecht (Achilles) in order to create a counterbalance against the Hussites supposedly preaching in the area (such as the traveling preacher Friedrich Müller around 1446). An area around the old St. Wolfgang church building, which was used as a chapel until around 1432 (belonging to the former main church St. Agatha) in the district of Riedfeld, a former royal court at the gates of the city of Neustadt, was intended for the construction of the monastery. In 1456, conversations with the vicar of the Strasbourg (Upper German) Franciscan province of Argentina, Hans Lör (Hans von Lare, from Lahr in Baden ) had already started in Bamberg . Because of the chaos of war in 1460/61 around Neustadt and limited funds, the construction work, which began in 1459 after papal confirmation, proceeded only slowly. The widow Usmer in Nuremberg, a patroness of the Franciscans, donated 600 guilders so that the convent building could be completed. In 1462 the first brothers from the Nuremberg barefoot monastery ( Franciscans of the strict observance ) moved into the new establishment in Neustadt (first guardian was Johann Kasla), and in 1478 (as on April 17, 1513) the Strasbourg order province held its provincial chapter there, According to other sources, a chapter met in Riedfeld as early as 1463. The monastery must therefore soon have had a certain size; from 1483 the novitiate of the province was located there .
The art lover and caretaker of the Sebaldus Church in Nuremberg , Sebald Schreyer, a friend of Albrecht Dürer and Adam Kraft , donated to the small monastery in Riedfeld a (no longer existing) Marien altar, ritual weaving and a valuable one for the Kloster 1492 illustrated (no longer existing) manuscript ( The Life and Canonization of St. Bonaventure ). The Würzburg canon and humanist Erasmus Neustetter called Stürmer also gave the monastery a book.
The Franciscans, who also had a small school, worked as pastors in Riedfeld, Diebach and Hanbach , and after 1490 in Diespeck as a substitute , and church life experienced an upswing. From 1477 a priest can be proven as a boy teacher. Additional donations to the above (including from the convent in Nuremberg with the study house of the Order Province located there) and acquisitions resulted in a considerable monastery library. Ten brothers belonged to the convent in the 1480s, some of whom were active in scientific and literary work. On August 22, 1484, the St. Wolfgang monastery church, now completely completed with five altars, was consecrated by the Würzburg auxiliary bishop in charge .
During the uprisings in the Peasants' War in 1525, when over 3,000 insurgents had their headquarters in Neustadt, plundered, murdered and pillaged, the Franciscan monastery in Riedfeld was also attacked (according to the Julian calendar) on May 16 and taken out by Captain Koberer, a miller acting as a peasant leader Langenzenn , burned down with an army of Gutenstetten farmers who had been in Neustadt since May 8th. Only remnants of the convent building remained (this was demolished in 1584, while the surrounding wall was added again), but the monastery church was preserved and was renovated again in 1584. The brothers escaped with church utensils, relics and part of the monastery library and probably fled to Bamberg and Würzburg as early as May 15. The library later formed the basis for the important Neustadt church library .
The order finally gave up the St. Wolfgang monastery in 1528 and it was secularized in 1529. In 1533 a new church order was introduced as a result of the Reformation . In the town church and the hospital church , the castle chapel , the cemetery chapel and in St. Michaels- Kärnter , numerous books ( missals , custom books and sermon instructions ) were no longer needed; they were sorted out over the sacristy of the monastery with other "bulky goods", some ended up in today's Neustadt church library. The destroyed buildings were not rebuilt. Only the choir of the church is preserved. In 1584, the town , which had become Lutheran , laid out a new cemetery on the church square, which was expanded and modified to accommodate the burial of Neustadt residents. The choir received a newly built nave in 1725 and is now used as a Protestant cemetery church, formerly also known as “Klösterlein” and “Käppala” or “Käppella”. The land that belonged to the monastery fell to the margravial offices of Neustadt and Birkenfeld.
See also
literature
- Max Döllner : Development history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch up to 1933. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1950; Reprinted ibid 1978, pp. 94–97, 101 f., 183 and more often.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 91 f.
- ↑ Around 1273 a parish church in Riedfeld, which had been destroyed by robbery aristocrats from the area, was rebuilt. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 26 f.
- ^ Max Döllner: History of the development of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch until 1933. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1950; Reprinted ibid 1978, pp. 80 and 708.
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 42 and 95.
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 94-96
- ^ House of Bavarian History, Monasteries in Bavaria
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 96 and 674.
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 94 and 97.
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 674.
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↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 95 and 674 f.
House of Bavarian History, monasteries in Bavaria - ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 63 f., 96 f. and 215 f.
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 715.
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 676.
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 80, 216, 522 and XXII (photography of the Gottesackerkirche).
Coordinates: 49 ° 34 '52 " N , 10 ° 36' 5.4" E