Szentgotthárd Monastery
| Szentgotthárd Cistercian Abbey | |
|---|---|
 The baroque monastery church |
|
| location |
 HungaryVas county |
| Coordinates: | 46 ° 57 '16.6 " N , 16 ° 16' 30.3" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
470 |
| Patronage | St. Godehard of Hildesheim |
| founding year | 1183 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
Resettled in 1532 1734–1950 |
| Mother monastery | Trois-Fontaines Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Clairvaux Monastery |
|
Daughter monasteries |
|
The Szentgotthárd Monastery (Sanctus Gotthardus) is a former Cistercian abbey in the town of Szentgotthárd in Vas County in southwest Hungary , around 3 km from the border with Austria and 18 km from the border with Slovenia .
history
The monastery was founded in 1183 by King Bela III. donated. As a subsidiary of the Trois-Fontaines Abbey , it belonged to the filiation of the Clairvaux Primary Abbey . In 1198 a priest from Güssing gave the monastery a vineyard in Heiligenbrunn . The medieval complex of the monastery, which was closed in 1532, was blown up in 1605 by the Austrian captain Wolfgang von Tieffenbach .
The majority of the former monastic business operations were administered by the Society of Jesus since 1702 . Sources of income came, as throughout the early modern period, from toll revenues, viticulture and agriculture and the tobacco industry. In 1732 the Abbot General transferred paternity rights over St. Gotthard to Heiligenkreuz Abbey ; until then the monastery was in the filiation of the Styrian Abbey of Rein . The purchase was a special concern of Abbot Robert Leeb from Heiligenkreuz . In total, the Heiligenkreuz Abbey took on 55,000 florins in debt, a burden for half a century to make the monastery Cistercian again after 169 years of separation.
Since many Hungarian monasteries were still devastated by the Ottoman occupation at that time, several monasteries from Austria were persuaded to buy monastery complexes and to restore them. There were similar Hungarian-Austrian monastic ownership structures in Telki Monastery , which had belonged to the Wiener Schottenstift since 1700 , and Zalavár , which had belonged to Göttweig since 1715 .
Manorial rule and pastoral care
In 1734 the parishes of Markl, Mogersdorf and Jennersdorf belonged to the Szentgotthárd Abbey . In 1788 the new parishes Maria Bild am Weichselbaum , Stefansdorf and St. Ruprecht were added; they were looked after partly by Cistercians, partly by diocesan priests.
Separation from Heiligenkreuz (1878)
The situation changed around 1820 when a national self-image emerged in Hungary and the dependence of the subjects on foreign landlords was felt to be unreasonable. In 1825 the Hungarian government demanded the separation of the Abbey of Szentgotthárd from Heiligenkreuz.
After the death of Abbot Edmund Komáromy from Heiligenkreuz in 1877, the Hungarian government did not allow an Austrian citizen to succeed as head of the “Hungarian” monastery. Ironically, Heiligenkreuz was not that Austrian at the time: Since 1824, the monastery in the Vienna Woods has been ruled continuously by Hungarian-born abbots. In 1878 Szentgotthárd was handed over to the Hungarian Cistercian Abbey of Zirc . All Heiligenkreuz conventuals had the free choice of joining the Zirc convent. Two decided to do it.
In the course of the communist monastery dissolution in Hungary, the Szentgotthárd monastery was also dissolved in 1950.
Buildings and plant
The architect of the baroque monastery church was Franz Anton Pilgram from Vienna; In 1784, frescoes by Stephan Dorfmeister were added.
literature
Theophil Heimb wrote a Latin monastery history in 1764 .
- Ferenc Leontius Hervay: Repertorium Historicum Ordinis Cisterciensis in Hungaria (Bibliotheca Cisterciensis 7, Rome 1984), pp. 159–171.
- István Genthon: Art Monuments in Hungary, a picture guide . Budapest, Corvina Kiadó, 1974, pp. 443–444, with two illustrations of the baroque church, ISBN 963-13-0622-4 .
- Georg Krones: Robert Leeb, the last Baroque abbot from Heiligenkreuz (1688–1755). Phil. Diss. Vienna 1935. Published posthumously in: Analecta Cisterciensia 11 (1955), pp. 45-138.
- Hans Bruno Schneider : The separation of the Abbey Szentgotthárd from the Cistercian monastery Heiligenkreuz (1877-1886), in: Analecta Cisterciensia 44 (1988), pp. 18-158.
Web links
- Certosa di Firenze website about the monastery with numerous photos
- The Cistercian Abbey of Szentgotthárd in Western Hungary (PDF by Hans Jakob Ollig; 19 kB) on Cistopiedia
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Margit Pflagner : in Burgenland 80 color pictures
- ↑ Krones, 'Robert Leeb
- ^ Schneider, Separation, pp. 20-21.
- ^ Schneider, Separation, pp. 25-26.
- ^ Schneider, Separation, pp. 20-21.
- ^ Schneider, Separation, p. 31.
- ^ Schneider, Separation, p. 75.