Command vehicle
A command vehicle ( ELW for short ) is an emergency vehicle in Germany that is used to guide and coordinate tactical units of the fire brigade , the THW , the police or other auxiliary workers. Accordingly, most authorities and organizations with security tasks have command vehicles.
In Austria , similar vehicles of the fire brigade or the Red Cross are called command vehicles (short: KdoF or KDF ), command vehicles (short: ELF ) or mobile control center (short: MLS ). They are not subject to German standardization or norms, but have similar equipment for the same task.
tasks
The tasks of a command vehicle depend on the specific mission and the aid organization using it. Its main task, however, is to transport the command center and its equipment, to provide equipment for exploration and guidance, as well as to handle radio communications with the deployment site and between the deployment site and a higher command center.
According to the standard and the corresponding service regulations, a command vehicle is manned by a so-called platoon troop as standard , which helps the operations manager with the handling of an operation. This squad consists of a driver, a radio operator, a group leader at special disposal and the platoon leader or operational leader himself. In many places, however, at least during normal operations, people have switched to manning a command vehicle with a driver and an operations manager. In the case of smaller volunteer fire brigades in particular, instead of standardized command vehicles, crew transport vehicles or multi-purpose vehicles with special additional equipment are often used to manage operations .
Development of standardization
For use in Germany, today's types have been standardized since 1999 (DIN 14507-2 to DIN 14507-5). Before, the layout and tasks of these vehicles were very different.
Sizes
Command car
The command vehicle (KdoW) standardized in DIN 14 507 Part 5 is a command vehicle for smaller operations. It is mainly used to transport executives or as their company vehicle. This vehicle should be used as an independent and individual control vehicle only for the coordination of small operations. In fact, it is empirically mainly used by executives of larger fire brigades or units.
Since this is usually a car or a station wagon, a command vehicle can reach significantly higher speeds than conventional truck-based emergency vehicles. This enables an operations manager to arrive at the site and to explore it before further personnel arrive and have to be instructed. Due to the federal structure of the state, there is no uniform radio call name for this vehicle. His special load usually consists of breathing apparatus , radio equipment , hand lamps, guide materials and trowels. According to the standard, the maximum permissible total weight is 3.5 tons (but at least 1.7 tons).
- Command vehicle of the Medical Task Force
The Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief (BBK) has defined its own command vehicle for the Medical Task Force (MTF) . This command car largely corresponds to the Mannschaftstransportwagen (MTW) of the MTF. The equipment is similar to that of a DIN-standardized ELW 1, but it has three seats in the driver's cab and an additional six in the body. The vehicle does not meet the DIN standard for a command vehicle due to its length and gross vehicle weight of 3.88 tonnes, among other things. The command vehicle has rear-axle drive.
Command vehicle 1
The command vehicle 1 (ELW 1) standardized in DIN 14507 Part 2 is the standard command vehicle for many fire departments. For operations of up to medium size, he can accommodate and support an operational command. Many fire departments and numerous volunteer fire departments have the command vehicle 1 in their alarm and response regulations as a lead vehicle of a fire engine provided.
As a rule, minibuses or vans are used as the chassis for these vehicles, as they allow significantly more work and seating space than cars. Inside, there are usually benches with a table and several radio devices. The special loading of this vehicle varies greatly with the local conditions. According to the standard, the maximum permissible total weight is 4 tons.
According to the recommendation of the Interior Ministers' Conference (IMK) in 1994, the vehicle has the radio call name .../ 11 / ... In Bavaria, the code number for ELW 1 in the BOS radio is 12.
Command vehicle of the Analytical Task Force
For the Analytical Task Force (ATF), the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid (BBK) has issued a separate data sheet for a command vehicle of the Analytical Task Force (ELW ATF). This largely corresponds to the DIN standard for an ELW 1, but is intended as a three-seater with a permissible total weight of 4.6 tons and equipped with the SIGIS 2 remote sensing device with motorized lift. The ELW ATF has permanent all-wheel drive.
Command vehicle 2
The command vehicle 2 standardized in DIN 14507 Part 3 is designed for the coordination of medium-sized and larger deployments by the fire brigade and disaster control. He can support an entire management group in their work, which is necessary, for example, when deploying an association or several tactical units in a larger area of operation or when coordinating various aid organizations in a single operation. Depending on the equipment, some command vehicles 2 can temporarily replace a control center in the event of a failure. According to the standard, the ELW 2 currently has a maximum total weight of 16 t.
In addition to the driver's cab, a command vehicle 2 has a meeting room and a radio room, the latter having to be separated from one another. The radio room has at least three fully-fledged telecommunications workstations, the conference room has at least five seats. For the function-related use of an ELW 2, at least six crew members (1 sifter, 4 radio operators, 1 technician) plus the chief of operations and his deputy are required. That is why command vehicles 2 are usually built on the chassis of buses or small trucks.
The radio call name of the ELW 2 is, in accordance with the recommendation of the Interior Ministers' Conference of 1994, almost everywhere ... / 12 / ... In Bavaria, ELW 2 have the partial code number 13. In addition to the usual guide and safety equipment, hand-held loudspeakers, binoculars, Spade, as well as extensive communication technology. The latter consists of at least three radios each for the 2 m and 4 m band as well as the TETRA BOS radio network, mobile phone, fax, internet connection, tape recorders, antennas and much more.
Command vehicle 3
The command vehicle 3 was a vehicle for managing operations in the event of major damage and is no longer standardized (DIN 14507 Part 4). De facto, all vehicles that are larger than the minimum information required for an ELW 2 are designated as ELW 3.
The ELW 3 is designed to serve as a mobile command center for operations management in the event of major damage and disasters. Large vehicles of this type can be built on low-loaders with extendable side panels and house a complete staff position that offers space for over 20 people. Often, instead of ELW 3, there are also roll-off containers for swap bodies, which complement each other and / or can be expanded with a deployment tent to set up a large control point. Since there is no longer any standard for these vehicles, their appearance and equipment are heavily dependent on local conditions.
Alternative: roll-off container operations management
The tasks of an ELW 2 can also be carried out by a single roll-off container, operations management . In order to achieve the performance of an ELW 3, at least two roll-off containers are required for reasons of space.
Troop vehicles
The troop car is a non-standardized vehicle. In the extended disaster control , a force and equipment certificate (StAN) provided for a troop vehicle. Even after this evidence has been suspended, there are still many command vehicles under this designation in disaster control. In terms of size, equipment and crew, the pulling force vehicle is most comparable to a size 1 command vehicle.
At the Technical Relief Organization, a team transport vehicle is used as a command vehicle, which is equipped with telecommunications and command means and is used by the platoon. The crew consists of the platoon leader, the platoon leader, a driver and a helper ( 1/1/2/4 ). The Leadership / Communication specialist groups have leadership and communication vehicles with leadership and situation trailers ready for larger operations . These are similar in their equipment to the ELW 3.
Further lead vehicles
In addition, there are other, non-DIN-standardized vehicles to support operations management in disaster and civil protection ( telecommunications train ) and in some UG ÖEL . There used to be data sheets for these vehicles from the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief, as well as the previous authorities. At this Bodywork include substantially telecommunications cars (FmKw), telephone cars (FeKW), guide cars (FüKW), management and communication cars (FüKomKW) and radio cars (FuKW). While the FüKW are quite similar to the command vehicle 1 above, the other vehicles have generally specialized in deploying in the event of failure of the regular radio networks or communication links. You therefore carry field telephones with you, for example .
literature
- Josef Schütz: The Red books, Issue 8 - Fire trucks Part I . 11th edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 978-3-17-013954-1 , pp. 46-47 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Booklet for the command vehicle of the Medical Task Force. (PDF).
- ↑ a b Annex 2.1 of the guideline for radio call names and operational-tactical addresses (OPTA) of the non-police authorities and organizations with security tasks (npol. BOS) in Bavaria. (PDF) from November 6, 2014 Ref .: ID2-0265.31-28.
- ↑ a b c Booklet for the command vehicle of the Analytical Task Force (BBK). (PDF) Retrieved February 9, 2019 .
- ↑ BBK (2013): Supplement to the disaster control of the federal states for civil protection purposes; Designations (AZ .: III.6-569-00). (PDF) Retrieved February 9, 2019 .
- ↑ leadership and communication vehicles (FüKomKW) ( Memento of 13 June 2013 Internet Archive ) THW expert group FK from Mainz., 2008
