Quota refugee

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Quota refugees in Germany are refugees who are allowed to move to Germany in a fixed number ( quota ). This applies to refugees as part of a humanitarian relief operation , due to visas (Visa) or an over declaration of the Federal Ministry of the Interior were taken. They do not go through any asylum or other recognition procedures, but receive a residence permit for humanitarian reasons immediately upon arrival ( § 23 and § 24 AufenthG), but according to a ruling by the Federal Administrative Court, they cannot freely choose their place of residence .

Situation in Germany

Quota refugees, whose admission has been ordered by the Federal Minister of the Interior, are distributed to the federal states according to the Königstein key . You are entitled to an integration course and a language course and, unlike asylum seekers, receive a work permit from the outset .

Areas of origin

From Vietnam and Albania

In 1985 there were around 30,000 quota refugees in the Federal Republic of Germany . Almost all of them were Vietnamese boat refugees .

In 1990 Albanian embassy refugees were admitted to Germany as quota refugees.

From successor states of the Soviet Union

From 1991, Jews from the Soviet Union and people with Jewish ancestors from their successor states had the opportunity to enter Germany as quota refugees. The basis for this was a resolution of the Conference of Interior Ministers , which applied the HumHAG ( law on measures for refugees admitted as part of humanitarian aid operations ). Since 2005, the HumHAG has been inoperative due to Article 15 (3) of the Immigration Act. Jews from the USSR (except Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania ) are admitted in accordance with Section 23 subs. 2 of the Residence Act.

According to the Federal Office of Administration and the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees , a total of 219,604 Jewish immigrants came to Germany between 1991 and 2004. In 2004, 11,208 Jewish immigrants immigrated, which means that the downward trend has continued. For comparison: In the period mentioned above, around 1.9 million ethnic German repatriates from the area of ​​the former Soviet Union immigrated to the Federal Republic.

According to the Central Register of Foreigners , as of April 2005, there were 113,692 quota refugees in Germany who immigrated after January 1, 1991. Of these contingent refugees, who have 76 different nationalities, 111,811 came from the Baltic and CIS countries , the countries of origin of the Jewish immigrants (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). According to the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, the fact that the number of quota refugees from the CIS countries currently residing in Germany is lower than the total number of Jewish immigrants is likely due to the fact that some have now acquired German citizenship . It is also possible that some of the Jewish immigrants have left the Federal Republic again.

According to the applicable regulations from the decree of the Foreign Office to the diplomatic missions abroad of March 25, 1997, persons are entitled to immigrate who are themselves “Jewish nationality ” or are descended from at least one Jewish parent. In the states of the former Soviet Union, unlike in Germany, Jewish is a nationality in the sense of ethnicity and was thus also entered in civil status documents. Jewish nationality, like every other nationality in the Soviet Union, is an ethnic , in no way a religious term and is transmitted through a parent, predominantly through the father , in contrast to the Jewish tradition ( Halacha ), according to which belonging to Judaism is primarily is inherited through the mother .

According to the Central Welfare Office for Jews in Germany , the number of members in Jewish communities in Germany rose from 29,089 in 1990 to 102,472 in 2003. This increase in the number of members is mainly due to immigration from the CIS states or the other successor states of the Soviet Union.

Since 2005, Jewish contingent refugees and their family members have had to prove German language skills that correspond to at least level A1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages . Children who have not yet reached the age of 14 are excluded. The Jewish contingent refugees have to prove a positive integration prognosis and that they will be accepted by a Jewish community in Germany. In the integration prognosis, language skills, qualifications and professional experience as well as the age of the immigrants are assessed, and the family is also included. Victims of National Socialist persecution do not require knowledge of German or an integration prognosis. It is generally assumed that all Jews from the former Soviet Union who were born before January 1, 1945 were victims of National Socialist persecution.

From Syria

In March 2013, the German government decided to take in 5,000 civil war refugees from Syria . The resettlement from predominantly Lebanese refugee camps took place gradually in autumn 2013; on September 11, the first refugees were flown to Germany in planes specially chartered for this purpose. The stay was initially planned for two years, after which the refugees should return home, if the situation in their home country permits. In December 2013 the quota increased to 10,000 refugees. In July 2014 the quota was increased by another 10,000 refugees.

From Northern Iraq

With a program launched in 2014, the federal state of Baden-Württemberg enabled 1,100 women and children from this region to be admitted from March 2015 through a “special contingent for particularly vulnerable women and children from Northern Iraq”. This admission program is aimed at women and girls who were persecuted and abused by the IS terrorist militia - mostly Yazidis , partly also Christians and Muslims - and their family members. The women and children received a residence permit limited to two years and during this time received medical and psychotherapeutic care. Almost all of the 1,100 refugees, including 600 children, were admitted to Baden-Württemberg as part of a special state contingent; Lower Saxony accepted 67 and Schleswig-Holstein 32. Among those recorded was Nadia Murad , who later became the United Nations' Special Envoy for the Dignity of Survivors of Human Trafficking and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2018 .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Residence requirements for Soviet immigrants must be proportionate. ( Memento of the original from December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: rechtsanwalt.com @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rechtsanwalt.com
  2. ^ Refugees in Munich: General information and procedure. City of Munich, Social Department, accessed on January 24, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Syrians on the run - facts and figures. Deutsche Welle, February 20, 2014, accessed January 24, 2015 .
  4. ↑ http://www.bamf.de/DE/Migration/JuedischeZuwanderer/juedischezuwanderer-node.html
  5. ↑ BAMF - Federal Office for Migration and Refugees - press releases - Federal Minister of the Interior welcomes Syrian refugees on their arrival in Germany. In: bamf.de. Retrieved June 11, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Order of the Federal Ministry of the Interior according to § 23 Paragraph 2, Paragraph 3 i. V. m. Section 24 Residence Act for the temporary admission of persons in need of protection from Syria and neighboring states of Syria as well as Egypt and Libya. In: proasyl.de. Retrieved June 11, 2015 .
  7. ↑ Syrian refugees in Germany. In: bamf.de. Retrieved June 18, 2015 .
  8. ↑ BMI - Nachrichten - Germany takes in more Syrian refugees. In: bmi.bund.de. Retrieved November 11, 2015 .
  9. ^ Rüdiger Soldt: A thousand lives. In: FAZ. November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2017 .
  10. ↑ Sandra Stalinski: UN special envoy Nadia Murad: “There are still 3,000 women and children in IS captivity”. Report of April 4, 2017 on the Deutschlandfunk website (accessed October 5, 2018).

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