Kurpfalzbrücke
Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 39 ″ N , 8 ° 28 ′ 20 ″ E
| Kurpfalzbrücke | ||
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| use | Road bridge, tram, pedestrian and bike path | |
| Crossing of | Neckar | |
| place | Mannheim | |
| construction | Girder bridge | |
| overall length | 187 m | |
| width | 28 m | |
| start of building | 1st bridge - 1842 2nd bridge - 1889 3rd bridge - |
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| opening | 1st bridge - 1845 2nd bridge - 1891 3rd bridge - August 31, 1950 |
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The Kurpfalzbrücke is one of the Neckar bridges in Mannheim . At Neckar kilometer 3.18, it connects the districts of Neckarstadt-West and Neckarstadt-Ost with the city center and leads from the Alter Meßplatz over the Neckar to the Kurpfalzkreisel. There the street runs into the Luisenring or the Friedrichsring. Straight ahead is Breite Straße with the pedestrian zone.
The next bridge downstream is the Jungbuschbrücke , upstream the Neckarsteg .
history
The Kurpfalzbrücke is not the first bridge at this point. There were two precursor bridges. First the chain bridge stood at this point, which was later replaced by the Friedrichsbrücke. The Kurpfalzbrücke was not built at this point until it was destroyed in World War II .
Ship bridge
As early as 1688, a ship bridge was built about 150 m below today's bridge . These were barges attached next to each other, in 1841 there were 23 over which a bridge walkway with a 6 m wide carriageway led. However, rafting and shipping caused multiple disruptions, floods and ice drifts longer interruptions and led to the need for a permanent bridge structure.
Chain bridge
Already at the time of Elector Carl Theodor in the 18th century there were plans to build a bridge over the Neckar and the construction of the bridge was discussed again and again in the following period. The first plans for a chain bridge were presented in 1824 by Wilhelm von Traitteur , who had built similar bridges in Saint Petersburg . Ultimately it was not until 1839 when the city of Mannheim decided to have a bridge planned. For this purpose, contact was made with the engineer captain Georg Theodor Wendelstadt, who had built the largest suspension bridge in Germany up to that point in Hameln. The bridge was then built from 1842 to 1845 in the form of a chain bridge. A total of 185.60 meters (46.40 meters - 92.80 meters - 46.40 meters) with a lane width of 5.30 meters was spanned by two pylons on three sections. Engineer Liège was commissioned to carry out the construction. In total, the construction cost 372,000 guilders. The costs were recovered through a toll for non-residents. Shortly afterwards, the first construction defects could be identified, which did not take into account the characteristics of the Neckar. In the winter of 1879/1880 the Neckar froze and the water eroded one of the pillars in search of a new path. Due to the steady increase in population and the settlement of the Neckarstadt, the bridge width was no longer sufficient, so that a new building was necessary.
Friedrichsbrücke
In a tendering process in 1887, the first prize went to the Benkiser brothers in Pforzheim, the Bernatz & Grün construction company in Mannheim and the architect Wilhelm Manchot . However, a modified version was implemented which, due to its appearance, included the second-placed offer, which came from Heinrich Gottfried Gerber and Anton von Rieppel together with the architect Friedrich von Thiersch . The construction work for the substructure was entrusted to the construction company Bernatz & Grün in Mannheim, and the superstructure to the MAN plant in Gustavsburg . The building, which cost 1.21 million marks, was opened on September 29, 1891 .
It spanned a total of 187 m with three openings with spans of 56.15 m - 74.70 m - 56.15 m. The main opening consisted of the two 24.9 m long cantilever girders and a hanging girder that also spanned 24.9 m . Although it looked similar to the chain bridge, it was a bridge with tanner girders made of wrought iron . It was named after Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden.
With the construction of an electric tram, which went into operation there in 1901, tracks were laid on the Friedrichsbrücke. Since 1911 the OEG train station (“Heidelberger Bahnhof”) stood on the southeast side of the Friedrichsbrücke. The steady increase in traffic made it necessary to expand the Friedrichsbrücke. Instead of an expensive new building, it was decided to do an engineering balancing act: the bridge was cut lengthways in 1938–1940, pushed two meters apart, filled in in the middle and further modified in terms of design. With a lane width of 13.5 m, a total of four lanes including tram tracks could be implemented. In addition, pedestrian underpasses at the ends and a traffic roundabout around 60 m in diameter with tram stops and transfer points were built on the city side. In total, the renovation, including the new access roads, cost over 1.8 million Reichsmarks.
During the Second World War, the Friedrichsbrücke was also bombed on September 23, 1943 and April 9, 1944. However, it was ultimately destroyed by the demolition of the Wehrmacht on March 25, 1945. On November 6, 1946, a makeshift jetty was opened that ran up to should have existed at the end of the new bridge construction.
Kurpfalzbrücke
In 1947 the MAN plant in Gustavsburg was awarded the contract to build a new bridge on the site of the Friedrichsbrücke for 3.8 million Reichsmarks after the rubble had been removed. Due to various building specifications, completely new paths had to be taken for the time that were not always undisputed. The bridge had solid wall girders and, for the first time, an orthotropic plate . On August 31, 1950, the Kurpfalzbrücke , named after the region and the tradition of Mannheim, was inaugurated.
Technical specifications
- Type: girder bridge
- Width: 28 meters
- Length: 187 meters (56.10 meters - 74.80 meters - 56.10 meters)
- Height above water: 6 meters at the highest navigable water level
- Construction height (center): 1.45 meters
- Lanes: 6 (4 for vehicular traffic, 2 for trams)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Paperback book of the Rhine journey from Strasbourg to Düsseldorf, Carl Geib, Verlag Heinrich Hoff, Mannheim, 1841, p. 56 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
- ↑ Fieser, Otto: Die newly built Neckarbrücke Mannheim, 1889 - 1891, (Mannheim), 1891. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Digitale Bibliothek - Münchener Digitization Center, accessed on May 8, 2018 .
- ↑ Mannheim and its buildings. Badischer Architecten- und Ingenieur-Verein / Unterrheinischer Bezirk, 1906, p. 558 ff. , Accessed on June 14, 2015 .
- ↑ MARCHIVUM : Chronicle star . May 22, 1901. Retrieved September 28, 2018 .
- ↑ MARCHIVUM: Chronicle star . March 25, 1945, Retrieved September 28, 2018 .
- ↑ Leonardo Fernández Troyano: Bridge Engineering. A global perspective. Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puentes, Thomas Telford 2003, p. 406, ISBN 0-7277-3215-3
- ↑ MARCHIVUM: Chronicle star . August 31, 1950. Retrieved September 28, 2018 .
| Upstream | Crossing the Neckar | Downstream |
| Collini footbridge | Kurpfalzbrücke |
Jungbusch Bridge |