LAZ-695
| LAZ | |
|---|---|
A LAZ-695 built in 1961 |
|
| LAZ-695 | |
| Manufacturer |
Lwowski Avtobusny Sawod later also Dneprodzerzhinsky Avtobusny Sawod |
| design type | City bus |
| Production period | 1956-2008 |
| axes | 2 |
| engine | Eight-cylinder gasoline engine |
| power | 150 hp (110 kW) |
| length | 9.19 m |
| width | 2.50 m |
| height | 3.12 m |
| Wheelbase | 4190 mm |
| Seats | 34 |
| Standing room | 26th |
| Empty weight | 6800 kg |
| Perm. total weight | 11,200 kg |
| Previous model | none |
| successor | various |
| Similar models | LiAZ-677 |
The LAZ-695 (Ukrainian and Russian ЛАЗ-695) is a Soviet and later Ukrainian city bus , which from 1956 first in Lwowski Awtobusny Zavod ( Russian Львовский автобусный завод , Ukrainian Львівський автобусний завод , short or ЛАЗ LAZ) was produced. The vehicle was widely used - in over half a century of production, more than 280,000 copies were made. Some of the vehicles were nicknamed Lviv (Ukrainian Львiв).
A trolleybus based on the LAZ-695 was manufactured in various plants under the name LAZ-695T . However, an ordinary version with a combustion engine was also built under the same name.
Vehicle history
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Construction of the new automobile plant in Lviv began in 1945. The plant started production four years later. Initially, different vehicles were manufactured: truck-based cranes based on the ZIS-150 truck, delivery vans and sales stands based on trucks, as well as suitable trailers. In addition, an electric vehicle was created.
In 1955 the plant was to be commissioned with the construction of ZIS-155 city buses. However, the company itself developed a more modern vehicle under the name LAZ-695, the production of which was actually approved by the relevant authorities. The German Mercedes-Benz O 321 served as a model for the designers . The first prototype was created in February 1956, and series production began soon afterwards.
In the decades that followed, the vehicle was repeatedly revised and modernized. In the 1960s, based on the total number of vehicles produced, a few trolleybuses based on the LAZ-695 were built. However, almost all of them were completed in other plants, LAZ mostly only built the chassis and body . There were major revisions to the model with combustion engine in 1964, 1969/70 and 1976. It was not until the 1990s that vehicles with more economical diesel engines were built. Petrol engines were previously used. As early as 1985/86, the factory began developing and building natural gas buses .
The Lviv production of the vehicle was continued for a total of 46 years until 2002. Thereafter, the plant transferred production to the Dneprodzerzhinsky Awtobusny Sawod (DAZ), which is part of the group , where complete vehicles were manufactured until 2008 and bodies as spare parts until 2011. In 52 years, a little over 280,000 LAZ-695 of the most diverse versions were built, not including the similar types LAZ-697 and the LAZ-699 coach , which were manufactured over a similarly long period of time.
Model variants
In the course of the long construction period, various modifications of the vehicle were made , even trolleybuses were manufactured. The following list is only intended to give an overview of the most important versions and does not claim to be complete. The LAZ-697 model and the longer LAZ-699 coach , which are technically very similar to the LAZ-695, are not listed here.
LAZ-695
The first prototypes were assembled in February 1956, using the ZIL-124 engines as they had already been installed in the ZIS-155. A truck chassis was used as the substructure, the clutch and transmission came from the ZIL-158 . The body was firmly connected to the chassis and then clad with aluminum sheets that are spot-welded .
In order to increase driving comfort, springs with a non-linear characteristic curve were used for the first time in the Soviet Union. The more you squeeze them, the harder they get. Accordingly, the vehicle was still comfortable for the passengers even when it was fully loaded. Since the passage between the rows of seats was very narrow and the passenger doors were also rather narrow, special versions of the LAZ-697 and LAZ-699 were later built for tourism and long-distance traffic. The LAZ-695 was mainly used in city traffic and in suburban traffic, where no particularly long distances were driven.
Compared to the older ZIS-155, the LAZ-695 was about a meter longer and still slightly lighter. The design has been revised. The top speed of the first version remained low at 65 km / h, partly because the built-in engine only developed 95 hp (70 kW). The original LAZ-695 was built until 1958 when it was replaced by the LAZ-695B. Exactly how many copies were made is unknown.
An interesting detail of the bus is the fact that it can be converted into an ambulance very quickly if necessary. This design feature was probably incorporated from the point of view that the Second World War was only over for a relatively short time. To convert the seats, only the seats had to be replaced by beds. The additional door at the rear of the bus was also installed so that the wounded could have been loaded more quickly.
LAZ-695B
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From the end of 1957 a modernized version of the vehicle was built. It received a more powerful engine with now 109 HP (80 KW), which was also installed in the ZIL-158. The body was now made of steel, no longer aluminum. Various smaller modernizations were also carried out. The air inlets for the engine compartment have been relocated to the roof so that less dust gets inside. The doors are now pneumatically operated, heating and seating have been revised, and the steering column is adjustable. In May 1958 the name was changed to LAZ-695B.
In the course of the year, the glazed corners on the roof of the bus disappeared. This was because there had been several complaints about body instability. Experiments were also carried out with a body completely without panoramic windows , but this version was not initially adopted in series. Instead, the panes were shortened in 1959 and the roof line was slightly changed. The top speed increased to 75 km / h.
By 1964, 16,718 complete LAZ-695Bs had been manufactured, plus 10 LAZ-695T trolleybuses built entirely by LAZ. In addition, 551 bodies were delivered to the Kiewski Sawod Elektrotransporta (Kiewer Elektrotransportwerk, KZET for short) and to the Odesski Awtosborotschny Sawod (Odessa Automontagewerk, OdAZ for short), where they were completed into trolleybuses.
LAZ-695E
The Sawod imeni Lichatschowa began in 1961 with the production of a new V8 petrol engine , which was actually intended for the ZIL-130 truck . Since it performed better than the previous ZIL-158 gasoline engine, efforts were also made from 1961 to use it in the LAZ-695. A prototype was completed in 1961 and series production began in 1963. In the first year, the LAZ-695B continued to be manufactured in parallel and with 394 copies only a few LAZ-695E were built. It was not until 1964 that production was completely converted. From this point on, the two versions also differed externally, as the shape of the wheel arches was changed. The gearbox of the new truck was also taken over into the series version.
Of the LAZ-695E model, 37,916 copies were made by 1969 or 1970, of which 1346 were exported.
LAZ-695 Sch
An automatic fluid transmission was developed in cooperation with the vehicle construction institute NAMI . For test purposes, a total of 40 LAZ-695Sch were built between 1963 and 1965, with which this transmission was tested in city traffic. Except for the new type of gearbox, which was later installed in the LiAZ-677 city bus, which was also widely used , the vehicles did not differ from the LAZ-695E version.
LAZ-695M
Depending on the information, production was switched to the LAZ-695M, which was modernized again, in 1969 or 1970. The modernization entailed an extension of the windows towards the roof, in return the panoramic windows were omitted. The roof line changed as a result, the roof curvature became less. In addition, a power steering was installed, the rear axles were supplied by Rába from Hungary . In addition, the air inlet on the roof has been removed and replaced by slots in the side of the body.
The LAZ-695M was built until 1976 and then replaced by the LAZ-695N. During this time, 52,077 copies were made, of which only 164 were exported .
LAZ-695N
In 1973, work began on a new version, the LAZ-695N. The front design of the vehicle changed, in particular the windshield was extended downwards. In addition, little things changed on the body. The small display windows above the doors were omitted without replacement and the headlamp mounting changed.
Series production of the vehicle began three years later, in 1976. It lasted in Lviv until 2004 and was then moved to the Dneprodzerzhinsky Avtobusny Zavod (DAZ). There, but also in various other assembly plants in the country, complete vehicles were built until 2008 and bodies until 2011. The latter were used to overhaul older vehicles and were therefore spare parts. With over 170,000 units built, the LAZ-695N was also by far the most successful version of the vehicle.
LAZ-695NG
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As early as 1985 or 1986 a LAZ-695N was equipped as a natural gas vehicle for operation with methane . The vehicles designated as LAZ-695NG were later also built in series. Large cylinder-shaped pressure vessels were installed on the roof and then clad. The location was also chosen for safety reasons: in the event of an accident with a gas leak, it should simply escape into the environment, if possible without igniting or exploding.
In the 1990s, various buses were retrofitted to run on methane. On the one hand there was a fuel crisis in Ukraine at this time, on the other hand petrol and diesel became generally more expensive. LAZ itself built around 8000 vehicles until 2002, after which production was transferred to DAZ.
LAZ-695D
Since around 1993 there have been efforts in various plants to equip the LAZ-695 with more modern and more economical diesel engines. There were various experimental vehicles that used military engines, but the 9.2-liter six-cylinder engine from the T-150K tractor was also used. Only later were diesel engines of the MMZ-245.9 type from the Minsk engine plant used, such as those used in the ZIL-5301 truck, for example . These buses were built in Lviv until 2002, after which production was transferred to DAZ in Dneprodzerzhinsk .
Under the designation LAZ-695D11, a version with a diesel engine was also built in small series from 1996, which was similar to the LAZ-697 and was accordingly intended for overland traffic.
LAZ-695T
Regardless of the fact that there was already a vehicle with the designation LAZ-695T in the 1960s, another model version was named that way at the end of the 1990s. This time it wasn't a trolleybus, but a version of the LAZ-695 with a diesel engine from the Jaroslawski Motorny Sawod . The V6 engine with the designation JaMZ-236 develops 180 or 195 HP (132 or 143 kW) depending on the source and has a displacement of 11.15 liters.
Trolleybuses
The first trolleybus based on a LAZ-695B (built in 1959) was built in 1962 in Baku , capital of the Azerbaijani SSR . The rear of the vehicle was redesigned and the drive technology replaced, it was given the designation BT-62 . Nothing is known about the production of further copies.
In the summer of 1963 LAZ began to manufacture some trolleybuses itself . A total of ten trolleybuses were built on the basis of the LAZ-695B or LAZ-695E (which at that time only differed in the combustion engine, but which was removed from the trolleybus version anyway). These were named LAZ-695T , but this designation was given again independently to a model with a diesel engine at the end of the 1990s. All ten cars were used in Lviv itself to cover the shortage of trolleybuses at the time.
Also in 1963 the Kiewski Sawod Elektrotransporta (KZET) began manufacturing trolleybuses based on the LAZ-695. Under the name Kyjiw-5LA (Ukrainian Київ-5ЛА) a total of 75 vehicles were built by 1964, whereby KZET only installed the electrical components and the rest of the bus was supplied by LAZ.
Since the production capacities in all plants were too low, the Odesski Awtosborotschny Sawod (OdAZ for short) also began manufacturing trolleybuses in 1963 . This plant also received bodies from LAZ and only completed the trolleybuses. The vehicles built there were given the designation OdAZ-695T (ОдАЗ-695Т), 476 copies were built by 1965.
Independent of the manufacturer, an electric motor with 78 kW output was installed, which could accelerate the vehicles to 50 km / h. All trolleybuses based on the LAZ-695 were only operated for a relatively short time and were taken out of stock after about seven to eight years. The reasons for this were the limited space inside and the safety-relevant fact that parts of the electrical equipment were installed in the passenger compartment.
Technical specifications
The data given refer to the LAZ-695N model version, as do the data in the info box.
- Engine: eight-cylinder gasoline engine
- Engine type: ZIL-130Ja2N (corresponds to the one from the ZIL-130 truck )
- Power 150 hp (110 kW) at 3200 min -1
- Torque: 402 Nm at 1800 to 3200 min -1
- Displacement: 6.0 l
- Compression: 7.1: 1
- Fuel consumption with gross vehicle weight: 41 l / 100 km
- Tank capacity: 154 l
- Top speed: 80 km / h
- Transmission: five-speed mechanical transmission
- Transmission type: ZIL-158W (similar to the one in the ZIL-158 bus )
- On-board voltage: 12 V.
- Ventilation system: skylights and windows
- Brake system: dual-circuit air brakes, drum brakes on all wheels
- Handbrake: acts on the rear wheels
- Drive formula : 4 × 2
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 9190 mm
- Width: 2500 mm
- Height: 3120 mm
- Wheelbase: 4190 mm
- Front track: 2116 mm
- Rear track: 1850 mm (double tires)
- Ground clearance: 320 mm
- Width of the passenger doors: 830 mm
- Seats: 34
- Standing: 26
- total: 60
- Tire size: 10.00-20 ″
- Empty weight: 6800 kg
- permissible total weight: 11,200 kg
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f website for the vehicle including history, technical information and model versions (Russian)
- ↑ a b Andre Michailow: Залог долголетия (ЛАЗ-695Н "Львiв") . Journal article, Grusowik-Press, available online (Russian)
- ↑ a b c d e f g website with an overview of the manufactured versions (Russian)
- ↑ a b Website with information specifically about the LAZ-695NG (Russian)
- ↑ Website for the diesel version LAZ-695T ( Memento from December 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian)
- ↑ Engine data for the JaMZ-236 with mention of the LAZ-695T (Russian)
