LVR Clinic Düsseldorf

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
LVR Clinic Düsseldorf
Sponsorship Regional Association of Rhineland
place Dusseldorf
state North Rhine-Westphalia
Country GermanyGermany Germany
Coordinates 51 ° 14 '35 "  N , 6 ° 50' 40"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 14 '35 "  N , 6 ° 50' 40"  E
Medical Director Eva Meisenzahl
Care level Specialized hospital
beds 650
Employee 1,200
areas of expertise Neurology
Psychiatry
Psychotherapy
Psychosomatics
Social rehabilitation
founding 1876
Website www.klinikum-duesseldorf.lvr.de
Template: Infobox_Krankenhaus / Logo_misst
Template: Infobox_Hospital / Doctors_missing

The LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf - Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf is a psychiatric - psychosomatic - psychotherapeutic specialist clinic in the Düsseldorf district of Ludenberg . The regional association of Rhineland (LVR), based in Cologne, is responsible for the LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf . It is also the University Hospital of the Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf .

It was founded in 1876 as the "Provincial Sanatorium Grafenberg". The clinic has been contractually linked to the Academy for Practical Medicine or its successor institutions, today's Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, since 1907, first as an academic teaching hospital, and since 2000 as a university hospital. Until 2008 the LVR-Klinikum operated under the name Rheinische Kliniken Düsseldorf / Landeskrankenhaus .

Municipal hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia are run by a three-man management team with equal rights in accordance with the municipal hospital operating regulation.

history

Layout

The buildings were built from 1876 to 1882 for the Provincial Sanatorium and Nursing Home (PHP). In July 1876 the "Provincial Sanatorium and Nursing Home Grafenberg", named after the Grafenberg district , was opened. The first medical director was Carl Pelman .

The newly founded clinic of the Rhenish Provincial Association offered modern treatment options for the mentally ill for the first time and was viewed as a model across Europe. For the first time, patients were seen as sick in need of care and treatment.

A system of closed asylums with barred windows and courtyards enclosed by walls was usually maintained for the facilities that were known at the time as “lunatic asylums”. In Düsseldorf, however, “(...) the 'open door system' was used, which unites a central institution with all the newer facilities of a hospital with free colonial departments on a larger agricultural property, the employment of the sick in the agricultural and horticultural operations as a healing factor applied extensively, renounced any barring of the windows and walling of the gardens and courtyards, and the patients housed in the free wards were guaranteed the least possible restriction of their freedom of movement. "

Around 1911/1912, the Departmental Insane Asylum in Düsseldorf , which had existed since 1826, was transferred to the Provinzial-Heil and nursing homes.

After the conversion of the Düsseldorf “Academy for Practical Medicine” in 1923 into a “Medical Academy” with the right to provide clinical training for students, the Grafenberg clinic was also called the “Psychiatric and Neurological Clinic of the Medical Academy”.

time of the nationalsocialism

During the Nazi era, the Grafenberg asylum experienced the lowest point in its history. The “ Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Offspring ”, which was passed on July 14, 1933 and came into force on January 1, 1934, threatened psychiatric patients.

In Grafenberg, the preparatory work for the forced sterilization began in the first quarter of 1934 . The statutory provisions oblige doctors, midwives or prison managers to report known cases. The applications were submitted to an office of the Hereditary Health Office, a sub-authority of the local court. The hereditary health court, which consisted of a judge, a civil servant doctor and a resident doctor, made the decision. A complaint could be made within a month. There were no longer any legal remedies against the verdict of the next instance, the Hereditary Health Supreme Court. From January 1, 1934 to September 30, 1934, 106 men and 52 women from Grafenberg were forcibly sterilized. By 1937 the number rose to 485.

At the end of October 1939, however, Hitler authorized his personal doctor and advisor on health policy issues, Karl Brandt , and the head of the law firm, Philipp Bouhler , to murder people with mental or psychological disabilities.

On July 6, 1940, registration forms from the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft arrived in Grafenberg. 763 of these forms were completed and returned to Berlin after consultation with the Upper President of the Rhine Province . The purpose of the collection was unclear. After the war, the director Franz Sioli reported that the institution assumed that the able-bodied patients should be identified for the war economy. It was not until March 1941 that it was clear about the actual purpose. The ignorance about the function of the registration forms did not prevail everywhere in the Rhineland. The list of the central office T4 , which was received in Düsseldorf, comprised 50 men and women . Some of the sick were returned from the transport to the Galkhausen intermediate facility near Langenfeld on May 6, 1941. They had already been discharged, classified as unfit for transport, or indispensable for the clinic, leaving 62 patients on the list. The patient records of 45 of these people have been preserved. There is no doubt that they were killed in the Hadamar killing center in Hesse. Nothing is known about the fate of the other patients.

Work-up

In the Düsseldorf euthanasia trials, the former head of the provincial administration Walter Creutz , the Bonn director of the provincial sanatorium and nursing home Kurt Pohlisch , the former head of the Rhenish provincial institute for neurological-psychiatric genetic research Friedrich Panse ( He took over the management of the Grafenberg institution in 1955) , accused the doctors Felix Weissenfeld and Max Rhode, who were employed in Grafenberg until they moved to the Galkhausen Provincial Sanatorium in 1938. A total of 105 witnesses and experts were heard before the court pronounced the verdict on November 24, 1948. The court considered it proven that the offense of aiding and abetting murder in unity with crimes against humanity in Creutz, Pohlisch, Panse, Weissenfeld and Rhode was fulfilled.

However, the defendants could plead an above-legal state of emergency that justified their actions. According to the court, the defendants were therefore not guilty of any crime and were acquitted. In doing so, the court followed the defendants' arguments: they did not refuse to participate in the selection process in order to prevent worse. It was possible to save individual patients.

The public prosecutor appealed against the acquittals, but the Düsseldorf jury court upheld the acquittals on January 27, 1950. To this day, the acquittals are controversial. This applies in particular to the decisions that affect Pohlisch and Panse, as it can be shown that both were involved as experts in the T4 campaign .

post war period

At the end of the 1960s it became clear that the psychiatric hospitals as a whole were in need of fundamental reform. The reform process was initiated in Grafenberg by Caspar Kulenkampff , who was appointed managing director of the clinic in 1967. Kulenkampff, who passed his medical state examination in 1946, belonged to the first generation of "post-war psychiatrists". Closely connected with Kulenkampff's name is the “ Psychiatry Enquete ” of the German Bundestag, which from 1971 to 1973 examined the situation in psychiatry and developed proposals for solutions. Kulenkampff was chairman of the commission. When Kulenkampff took over the management of the health department of the Rhineland Regional Council in 1971, his successor Kurt Heinrich continued the reforms. In 1977 a second chair for psychotherapy and psychosomatics was established.

The reorientation in psychiatric care begun in the 1970s by Kulenkampff and Heinrich is evident from the outpatient facilities that the LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf has set up in addition to the day clinics: -Psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine, psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy and a polyclinic. In 2001 an early detection center for psychoses was set up on the premises of the university hospital. It works closely with the social psychiatric service of the city's health department. To optimize the treatment of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic issues, the LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf has opened three day clinics with outpatient departments (TAZ) on the premises of the University Clinic Düsseldorf. The "Early Detection Center for Increased Mental Illness Risk", opened in 2001, evaluates therapy methods that should be included in regular care. The clinic participates in several integrated care projects (schizophrenia, depression, dementia) and works closely with the Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf.

Medical Directors

Facility

organization structure

The LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf houses two clinics and the associated departments. The Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy is managed by Eva Meisenzahl-Lechner, who is also the Medical Director of the LVR Clinic in Düsseldorf. She holds the chair for psychiatry and psychotherapy at Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf. The professor for psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy at the Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf (currently acting Matthias Franz) is also the medical director of the clinic for psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy.

The clinic has 607 inpatient beds for therapy, 132 places in several day clinics as well as outpatient departments at the Ludenberg and Düsseldorf University Hospital . Professional qualifications are provided by the clinic's own health and nursing school and the Institute for Clinical Behavioral Therapy. The LVR-Klinikum has a total of around 1,200 employees (as of 2015).

The Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry (ZNN) is operated jointly with the University Hospital Düsseldorf. It is responsible for acute care for stroke , epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases . In 2014, the LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf was the only specialist clinic for psychiatry and psychotherapy in Germany to be awarded the status of a WHO Collaborating Center for Quality Assurance and Empowerment in Mental Health. The LVR Clinic is also the seat of the LVR Institute for Health Services Research, which was founded in 2014.

Supply area

The clinic is responsible for supplying the residents of the city of Düsseldorf (with the exception of the northern districts) and undertakes extensive research tasks. The department for child and adolescent psychiatry , psychosomatics and psychotherapy of the LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf is responsible not only for the city of Düsseldorf but also for the Mettmann district.

See also

literature

  • Wolfgang Gaebel, Joachim Heinlein, Klemens Maas (eds.): Psychiatry through the ages: 125 years of “Grafenberg” - Rheinische Kliniken Düsseldorf. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 2001.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Grafenberg: Small part of town, big name | RP ONLINE
  2. Bernhard Josef Neumann: Dah, Jetz ham mer den Kriech. P. 342 Online
  3. ^ Architects and Engineers Association in Düsseldorf (ed.): Düsseldorf and its buildings. L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904, pp. 258-260.
  4. ^ The Departmental Insane Asylum in Düsseldorf 1826–1898, Voss & Cie, Düsseldorf, 1898 ( uni-duesseldorf.de )
  5. Heiner Fangerau, Karen Nolte (ed.): "Modern" institutional psychiatry in the 19th and 20th centuries , Franz Steiner Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-515-08805-9 ( Fritz Dross: Anstalten im Anstaltsstaat p. 55 )
  6. Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at HHU, LVR Clinic Düsseldorf. Retrieved October 14, 2019 .
  7. Clinical Institute for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy. Retrieved October 14, 2019 .
  8. ^ WHO Collaborating Center on Quality Assurance and Empowerment in Mental Health. October 14, 2019, accessed on October 14, 2019 .