La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico
| La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico | |
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UNESCO world heritage 
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| View of Old San Juan |
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| National territory: |
 United States
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | (vi) |
| Surface: | 33.39 ha |
| Reference No .: | 266 |
| UNESCO region : | Europe and North America |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 1983 (session 7) |
La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico is a UNESCO- listed World Heritage Site in the Free State of Puerto Rico , a non-incorporated suburb of the United States of America . The World Heritage Site includes the La Fortaleza residence and the San Juan National Historic Site in Old San Juan , the capital of the island state on the north coast of the main island of Puerto Rico.
background
San Juan was founded in 1508 by Spanish conquerors as the oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico. Because of its strategic location, it was soon exposed to attacks by other European powers, especially the English and French. Several fortresses were built to defend the port access and the city, and the city was surrounded by a city wall. The main elements of the fortification of San Juan date from the 16th to 19th centuries. They are characteristic examples of the construction methods used in military architecture during this period.
registration
In 1983, based on a resolution of the 7th session of the World Heritage Committee, the defensive structures were entered on the UNESCO World Heritage List under the name La Fortaleza and San Juan Historic Site in Puerto Rico . The entry was made on the basis of criterion (iv).
(iv): La Fortaleza and San Juan Historic Site show in an outstanding way the adaptation of European developments in military architecture from the 16th to the 20th centuries to the Caribbean context. They represent the continuity of more than four centuries of architectural, technical, military and political history.
In 2006 the name was changed to La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico . In 2016, the boundary of the World Heritage site was corrected. In addition to minor corrections, the protection area around the Castillo de San Felipe del Morro was enlarged and an area in the south of the island around the Fortín San Juan de la Cruz was added on the Isla de Cabras instead of some remains of defensive structures on the north coast .
Area
The reserve has an area of 33.39 ha . It surrounds Old San Juan on three sides from the south clockwise to the east and follows the course of the city wall. The area around Fortín San Juan de la Cruz on the island of Isla de Cabras to the west of the old town also belongs as a separate area .
La Fortaleza
La Fortaleza ( location ) is San Juan's oldest defensive structure. The fortress was built between 1533 and 1540 to protect the port. After the construction of the Castillo de San Felipe del Morro, it lost its strategic importance and was eventually used as the official seat and residence of the governor of Puerto Rico.
On October 9, 1960, La Fortaleza was declared a National Historic Landmark and on October 15, 1966 entered the National Register of Historic Places .
San Juan National Historic Site
The San Juan National Historic Site includes other defenses of Old San Juan. These include above all the Castillo de San Felipe del Morro ( location ), the Castillo San Cristobal ( location ) with its external works , most of the city wall ( location ) with the San Juan Gate and the Fortín San Juan de la Cruz (called El Cañuelo , Location ) on Isla de Cabras .
On February 14, 1949, a historic site including these defenses was built, which was listed as a National Historic Site on October 15, 1966 on the National Register of Historic Places .
photos
La Fortaleza
San Cristobal Castle
Castillo de San Felipe del Morro
San Juan City Walls
Fortin San Juan de la Cruz
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Web links
- La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
Individual references, comments
- ↑ The name follows the English original. The German name according to the World Heritage List on the German UNESCO website is incorrectly "La Fortaleza and Old Town of San Juan in Puerto Rico", but the old town is not part of the World Heritage Site.
- ↑ a b c UNESCO World Heritage Center: La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved March 6, 2017 (English).
- ↑ Decision: CONF 009 VIII. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed March 7, 2017 .
- ↑ Decision: 30 COM 8B.18. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed March 7, 2017 .
- ↑ Decision: 40 COM 8B.48. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed March 7, 2017 .
- ↑ a b UNESCO World Heritage Center: La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico. Maps. In: whc.unesco.org. Retrieved February 2, 2017 .
- ^ National Historic Landmarks in Puerto Rico. In: www.nps.gov. National Park Service, accessed March 8, 2017 .
- ↑ Nomination Form for the San Juan National Historic Site
Heritage: Mesa Verde National Park (1978) | Independence Hall (1979) | Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (1982) | La Fortaleza and San Juan Historic Site in Puerto Rico (1983) | Statue of Liberty (1984) | Chaco Culture (with Chaco Culture National Historical Park ) (1987) | Monticello and University of Virginia at Charlottesville (1987) | Taos Pueblo (1992) | Monumental earthworks of Poverty Point (2014) | Mission Stations in San Antonio (2015) | The Architecture of the 20th Century by Frank Lloyd Wright (2019)
Natural Heritage: Yellowstone National Park (1978) | Grand Canyon National Park (1979) | Everglades National Park (1979, R ) | Wrangell St. Elias National Park and Glacier Bay National Park (1979) | Redwood National and State Park (1980) | Mammoth Cave National Park (1981) | Olympic National Park (1981) | Great Smoky Mountains National Park (1983) | Yosemite National Park (1984) | Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (1987) | Carlsbad Caverns National Park (1995) | Glacier National Park (as part of Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park ) (1995)
Cultural / natural heritage: Papahānaumokuākea (2010)
Map with all coordinates: