Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wilmersdorfer Mosque , since 1925 the headquarters of the “Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement” in Germany
Shah Jahan Mosque in Woking , was operated by the "Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement" from 1913 to the mid-1960s.

The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Dissemination of Islamic Knowledge ( Urdu أحمديه أنجمن اشاعت اسلام لاهور Ahmadiyya Andschuman-i Ischaʿat-i Islam Lahaur , DMG Aḥmadiyyah Anǧuman-i Išāʿat-i Islām Lāhaur , German 'Lahore Ahmadiyya movement for the spread of Islam' ; AAIIL) was founded as the result of a dissent within the Ahmadiyya movement after the death of Nur-ud-Din in 1914, the first "Caliph of the Messiah" , i.e. H. Successor to the founder Mirza Ghulam Ahmad . From the Ahmadiyya movement emerged alongside the Lahore Ahmadiyya movement, the now more important Ahmadiyya Muslim community .

The Ahmadiyya, which sees itself as a reform community, emerged in the midst of a multitude of educational endeavors and renewal movements in the Islamic world at the end of the 19th century, at a time when there was great controversy between Christian missionaries and Islamic scholars in British India . In addition to the Koran , Hadith and Sunna, the writings and revelations of the founder Mirza Ghulam Ahmad are of great importance.

The Lahore Ahmadiyya movement distinguishes itself from the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat by rejecting what is perceived as autocratic caliphacy . In addition, the founder Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, venerated as a prophet by the AMJ, is understood as a “reformer” and “innovator”.

guide

Emirs in Lahore Imams (and administrators) in Germany
  1. Muhammad Ali (1914-1951)
  2. Sadr-ud-Din (1951-1981)
  3. Saeed Ahmad Khan (1981-1996)
  4. Asghar Hameed (1996-2002)
  5. Abdul Karim Saeed Pasha (since 2002)
  1. Maulana Sadr-ud-Din , founder and Imam (1922)
  2. Maulana Abdul Majid, Imam in representation (1921)
  3. Maulana Fazal Karim Durrani, Imam (1925)
  4. Dr. S. Muhammad Abdullah, Imam (1928)
  5. Dr. Mirza Aziz-ur-Rahman, Imam in representation (1933)
  6. Dr. Nazir-ul-Islam, Imam in representation (1938)
  7. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Galwash, acting Imam (from around 1939)
  8. Dr. Herbert and Lotte Gaedicke, property and asset managers (from 1939)
  9. Amina Alexandrine Mosler, mosque administrator (from around 1939)
  10. Muhammad Aman Herbert Hobohm , Imam (1949)
  11. Abdul Aziz Khan, Acting Imam (February 1959)
  12. Maulana Muhammad Yahya Butt, Imam (Nov 1959)
  13. Saeed Ahmad Chaudhry, Imam (1987)
  14. Abdul Aziz, Imam in representation (1987)
  15. Riaz Ahmad Chaudhry, Imam (2004)
  16. AS Abdul Santoe, Acting Imam (from 2002)
  17. Muhammad Ali, deputy imam (from 2005); Imam (from 2007)

motto

"Do not be sad! God is with us. ”(“ In-Allah-ha-Ma'anaa. ”[Arabic: inna 'llāha maʿanā ]) from Quran verse 9:40.

organization

The Lahore group, influenced by Western ideas, supposedly wanted the caliphate abolished. From the beginning it had more of the "character of a circle of intellectuals in the environment of a magazine".

membership

Nothing is known about formal membership. According to Manfred Backhausen there were “only a handful of Lahore Ahmadis in all of Germany in 2006”. It is also of little importance worldwide. However, they have remained active to this day with publications and missionary activities, especially in English-speaking countries.

Legal status

In Germany , the association for the support of the Wilmersdorfer Mosque, the “Society for the Preservation of the Mosque e. V. " (Berlin VR 11145) registered.

Events

From May 25th to 27th, 2007 the German and Dutch sections of the AAIIL held a conference in the Wilmersdorfer Mosque , which was also attended by the president and emir of the worldwide community, Abdul Karim Saeed Pasha and his wife Sahiba Saeed.

history

The Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha'at-i-Islam Lahore was created through a split from the Ahmadiyya movement as a result of a dissent over the “ caliphate question ” after the death of Nur-ud-Din in 1914. The headquarters of the organization is the “Darus Salam Mosque “In Lahore .

Great Britain

The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement in Great Britain and the Woking Muslim Mission .

Khwaja Kamal ud-Din was the first Ahmadiyya missionary, bought the vacant Shah Jahan mosque and opened a mission station in Woking (near London) in 1913 , which was maintained by the Lahore Ahmadiyya movement until the 1960s. Maulana Muhammad Ali translated the Koran into English in 1917.

In 1974 the "Ahmadiyya House" ( location ) was bought in Tooting . In 1982 a new center "Dar us-Salam" ( locality ) was set up in Wembley .

Germany

The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement in Germany and the Berlin Muslim Mission .

Maulana Sadr-ud-Din and Maulvi Abdul Majid were the first Islamic missionaries in Germany and in 1922 Muslims from 41 nations living in Berlin, mainly Ahmadiyya supporters, joined the “Islamic Community Berlin e. V. “(based in Berlin-Charlottenburg). The Berlin mosque (today Wilmersdorfer mosque ) was built in the years 1924-28 and has been the headquarters of the community in Germany ever since. Since March 22, 1930, the mosque community has been known as the Deutsch-Muslimische Gesellschaft e. V. An unusual program was associated with this renaming. The new community also accepted Christians and Jews as members, which was unusual for the time, and operated a lively interreligious dialogue. Sadr ud-Din created an English translation of the Koran , which the Berlin convert Hugo Marcus translated into German. This translation was published in 1939. The majority of the first edition burned in a bomb attack on Berlin.

For ten years the Berlin mosque was the center of Islam in Germany. With the Second World War the activities were interrupted and the missionaries returned to London and Lahore. After the war, the isolated location of Berlin and, in the 1960s, the large influx of Muslim migrants who set up their own backyard mosques prevented the mosque from playing an important role for Islam in Germany. Although the Berlin Muslim Mission achieved modest missionary success, no continuous German church could be established.

Today the mosque community is struggling with financial difficulties for the survival and preservation of the mosque. At times there was a branch church in Hamburg.

Netherlands

The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement in the Netherlands .

The Lahore-Indonesia-Holland route

The history of the Lahore Ahmadiyya movement in the Netherlands begins, so to speak, in Indonesia . In the early 1930s, Mirza Wali Ahmad Baig was the head of mission in Indonesia. The Indonesian intellectual Soedewo translated the English edition of the Koran by Maulana Muhammad Ali between 1934 and 1938. In 1939, Mirza Wali Baig founded the first missionary post in Holland and began his missionary work in The Hague with lectures and prayer meetings. However, the Second World War soon interrupted all activities that could not be resumed until 1950. In 1961 the “Institute for Islamic Studies in Europe” was opened and in March 2005 a new translation of the Koran was published.

Mosque in Paramaribo , Suriname

The Lahore-Suriname-Holland route

A major labor shortage on the Dutch plantations in the West Indies led to a significant migration of Indian contract workers to the West Indies. On June 4, 1873, the first shipload of workers from overpopulated parts of India reached the port of Paramaribo . In contrast to the earlier British colonies , in which the Muslims took over everything British and have long since lost the Hindustan language, the Urdu language in the form of the Suriname dialect is still in use in the former Dutch colonies .

In 1929 the newcomers built a wooden mosque in Paramaribo , which was replaced by a permanent structure more than 60 years later. The state-approved mosque community "Suriname Islamic Association (SIV)" sought support and found it in Maulvi Amir Ali, who had been trained and trained at the Ahmadiyya Center in Lahore. Responsible for Trinidad and Guyana, he took over the training of the parish in Paramaribo for one year in 1935. Other missionaries followed and consolidated the churches in Trinidad , Guyana, and Suriname .

Especially since Suriname became an independent state in 1975, many Muslims, who originally came from the Indian subcontinent or from Indonesia, undertook another hijra and moved to Europe in the Netherlands. Around 1976, no fewer than five Lahore Ahmadiyya congregations with their own centers and prayer houses sprang up in Holland in the same year in The Hague , Utrecht , Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Arnhem .

Netherlands today

Today there are small mosque communities in Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht.

South Africa

Khwaja Kamal ud-Din and Lord Headley made their first missionary trip to South Africa in 1926. There has been a small branch of the AAIIL in Cape Town since the late 1950s .

The "South Africa Ahmadiyya Court Case"

In South Africa there was a legal battle over the status of the Lahore Ahmadis, but it was lost by the opponents. The occasion was a public appeal for donations by the “Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam Lahore South Africa” for the construction of an Islamic center in May 1982. The “Muslim Judicial Council” (MJC) denied that “the Ahmadiyya could not build an Islamic center or a mosque there these facilities and mosques cannot be built by unbelievers ”, and wanted the city administration to prevent the Ahmadiyya from carrying out a fundraising campaign in the name of Islam. As a result, in October 1982 a Lahore Ahmadi filed a civil lawsuit to enforce his rights as a Muslim. It was also about the fact that the Lahore-Ahmadis were denied access to mosques and Islamic cemeteries.

The case, which dragged on for over three years, received international attention, with prominent witnesses from Pakistan also being heard. In the final judgment on November 20, 1985, the claim was confirmed that a member of the AAIIL was to be regarded as a Muslim and consequently that he was entitled to all rights as a Muslim.

see also: History of Ahmadiyya

aims

According to Manfred Backhausen, the goal of “bringing people of the West closer to Islam” could be achieved to a limited extent, but at no time was there a continuous German community in the Berlin mosque. The number of converts won was too small for this and the mosque remained almost exclusively a place of prayer for foreign Muslims in Berlin. To make matters worse, the Berlin mosque has lost its central role due to the mass immigration of Muslims in Germany.

Publications

The Islamic Review
Official magazine of the Woking Muslim Mission from 1913 to 1968.
Muslim revue
Official magazine of the Berlin Muslim Mission from 1924 to 1926 and 1929 to 1940
Islam today
Successor magazine to the “Moslemische Revue”, appears irregularly

Remarks

  1. ↑ "The Lahori Ahmadi number no more than 30,000 members worldwide." The Ahmadiyya Jama'at: a sect Persecuted ( Memento of 23 February 2010 at the Internet Archive ), American Chronicle, November 22, 2008.
  2. ^ Commercial register : "Society for the preservation of the mosque e. V. “, extract from the register of associations Berlin (Charlottenburg) VR 11145
  3. ↑ The “Muslim Judicial Council” (MJC) is a Muslim theological body in South Africa, for example: “Muslim Legal Advisory Council”. The website Muslim Judicial Council South Africa appears to be orphaned since January 2006. The MJC was founded in 1945. ( History of Muslims in South Africa: A Chronology ( Memento of March 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ))

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The spelling “Ishat-i-Islam” is incorrect; A correct Germanized spelling would be Ischa'at-i-Islam, but the Society has always only used the English spellings Ishaat-i Islam and (simplified) Ishaat Islam in German publications . The stone tablet at the main entrance of the Wilmersdorfer Mosque from the period after the Second World War contains the following text: "Built 1924–1927 / Die Ahmadijja / Andjuman Jschaat-el-Islam / Lahore, Pakistan"; Illustration in Manfred Backhausen: The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement in Europe. Wembley, England, 2008, p. 191.
  2. ^ A b Muhammad Ali: Split in the Ahmadiyya Movement . 1918, ISBN 978-0-913321-26-3 .
  3. ↑ The religions of mankind. Volume 25: Islam: III. Islamic culture - contemporary trends - popular piety. Kohlhammer, 1990, p. 420.
    Kathrin Weiß: Ahmadiyya, Sonderform des Islam. P. 5 + 7
  4. ↑ Manfred Backhausen (Ed.): The Lahore Ahmadiyya movement in Europe. 2008, p. 270 f.
  5. ↑ Manfred Backhausen (Ed.): The Lahore Ahmadiyya movement in Europe. 2008, p. 175.
  6. ^ Motto of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
  7. ↑ Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach, Renate Laut: Islam in the Present. CH Beck Verlag, Munich 2005, p. 731.
  8. ↑ a b Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach, Renate Laut: Islam in the Present. CH Beck Verlag, Munich 2005, p. 756.
  9. ↑ a b Manfred Backhausen (Ed.): The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement in Europe. 2008, p. 204f.
  10. ↑ Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach, Renate Laut: Islam in the Present. CH Beck Verlag, Munich 2005, p. 730.
  11. ↑ Lahore Ahmadiyya Conference at the Berlin Mosque (PDF; 2.7 MB), May 2007.
  12. ↑ Ahmadiyya Mosque at Darus-Salaam, Lahore, Pakistan
  13. ↑ The Holy Quran. Arabic Text with English Translation, Commentary and comprehensive Introduction by Maulana Muhammad; 1st edition 1917. (Edition 2002, ISBN 0-913321-01-X )
  14. ↑ Manfred Backhausen (Ed.): The Lahore Ahmadiyya movement in Europe. 2008, p. 41.
  15. ↑ Manfred Backhausen (Ed.): The Lahore Ahmadiyya movement in Europe. 2008, p. 45.
  16. ↑ Manfred Backhausen (Ed.): The Lahore Ahmadiyya movement in Europe. 2008, p. 54f.
  17. ^ Gerdien Jonker: The mosque archive in Berlin-Wilmersdorf: Between Muslim modernity and German life reform . In: MIDA Archival Reflexicon . 2019, p. 3 ( projekt-mida.de ).
  18. ↑ The Koran , translated by Maulana Sadr-ud-Din, 1st edition 1939; 2. unchanged new edition 1964; 3rd unchanged new edition 2006.
  19. ↑ Manfred Backhausen (Ed.): The Lahore Ahmadiyya movement in Europe. 2008, p. 76 ff.
  20. ↑ a b Manfred Backhausen (Ed.): The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement in Europe. 2008, pp. 208-228.
  21. ↑ International Ahmadiyya Convention, Trinidad and Tobago, Aug. 18-20, 2000
  22. ^ Mosque of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement in Georgetown, Guyana
  23. ^ Suriname Convention: Shaan-i-Islam Mosque
  24. ^ World Wide Branches of Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
  25. ↑ Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din and Lord Headley visit South Africa in 1926 ( Memento of the original from December 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wokingmuslim.org
  26. ↑ a b The South Africa Ahmadiyya Court Case (1982–1985)
  27. ↑ History of Muslims in South Africa: A Chronology ( Memento of March 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  28. ^ Founding of The Islamic Review, 1913
  29. ^ Brief history of the Woking Muslim Mission
  30. ↑ Muslim Review
  31. ↑ Manfred Backhausen (Ed.): The Lahore Ahmadiyya movement in Europe. 2008, p. 66ff.