Lambertikirche (Aurich)
The Lamberti Church in Aurich ( East Friesland ) is the parish church of the Evangelical-Lutheran Lamberti parish . The classical church was built in the years 1833-1835 on the site of the previous building that was demolished in 1826. The name of the church goes back to Saint Lambertus , to whom the pre-Reformation building was dedicated.
Geographical location
The Lambertikirche is located in the center of the city of Aurich. In the area of the surrounding church yard ("Lambertshof") and the Graeflich Oldenburg Vorwerk (today "Piquerhof") to the west at the time of its origin, a Wiksiedlung can be assumed as the nucleus of the later town of Aurich.
The Cirksena castle (today "Schloss"), built later in the 15th century south of the Vorwerk, and the market square in the east are an expression of the city's development as a representative seat of power and trading center. Together with the distant bell tower ("Lambertiturm"), the church and Lambertshof form the historically most important part of the Aurich townscape.
founding
The church supply of the Auricher Geest was originally fulfilled from Kirchdorf (today part of Aurich). The Wiksiedlung was looked after by a wooden chapel (branch of the church of Kirchdorf), which is believed to be about 100 meters south of today's Lambertikirche.
Around the year 1200, the Oldenburg count (probably Moritz (I) ) had the first stone church built on the site of today's Lambertikirche. This church then replaced the church of Kirchdorf as a parish and sending church. The Lamberti Church is a special feature of the medieval church foundations in East Friesland. As the only church to date, it has been under the patronage of a noble family. The other East Frisian churches had a cooperative or community patronage.
Naming
In the first half of the 12th century the Oldenburg counts were entrusted by the Saxon dukes with the administration of the Central East Frisian areas. After confronting them, fleeing (1167) and returning from their exile (1180/81) on the Rhine and Maas, the Oldenburg counts donated the Lambert churches in Oldenburg and Aurich. The churches were dedicated to Saint Lambertus , who became Bishop of Maastricht in 672 and who met a violent death in 705 (706).
Building history
The building history deals with two different structures, the medieval building from around 1200 to 1826 and the classical successor building from 1835 to today.
Medieval building (until 1826)
The construction history of the medieval Lamberti Church can be divided into seven construction phases with different architectural conditions.
- Construction phase I: Construction as a flat-roofed rectangular room around 1200
- Construction phase II: Vault in the 2nd half of the 13th century
- Construction phase III: extension of a vaulted choir in the 14th century
- Construction phase IV: Addition of a southern nave ("Süderkirche") 1498/99
- Construction phase V: collapse of the vaults and rebuilding of the arches in 1514
- Construction phase VI: extension of the royal crypt in 1648/49
- Construction phase VII: demolished in 1826
The church was built around 1200 as a Romanesque, flat-roofed rectangular room with a length of 33.80 meters and a width of 12.30 meters. The brick building, adorned with 6 meter high blind arcades, rose on a granite stone plinth. In the 2nd half of the 13th century a vault with three bays was drawn in, the size and position of the windows being changed.
In the 14th century a 15 meter long choir was added to the eastern end. With two oblong vaulted yokes on the inside, the façade was given the already applied blind arch. The total length was now 48.50 meters.
As the population grew, the original building was given a southern parallel nave of roughly the same width in 1498/99. The wall between the two naves was opened with three large arches. In the Saxon feud , a fire destroyed the city of Aurich in 1514 and severely damaged the church. Here the vaults collapsed. Two new roof trusses and a simple wooden beam ceiling closed off the church interior at the top. Five arches have now been erected between the two ships. The final enlargement of the windows with their Gothic arches should also be carried out at this stage.
After Aurich became the residence of the counts and later princes of the Cirksena in 1561 , they moved their family crypt from the large church in Emden to the choir of the Lambertikirche. In a final phase of renovation in 1648/49, a new burial place was built in the south-east corner next to the choir, the so-called prince's crypt. The building on a rectangular floor plan was now 48.50 m long and 21.40 m wide.
In January 1823 the church had to be closed because of the risk of collapse. Investigations by experts came to the conclusion that refurbishment was not justifiable. In 1826 the building, which is over 600 years old, was completely demolished.
Classicist building (from 1835)
As early as 1785, the new building of the Lambertikirche was considered. In 1818, the Aurich businessman and self-taught architect Conrad Bernhard Meyer made several comprehensive repair proposals. A lack of decisiveness on the part of the church council, a precarious financial situation and intrigues prompted Meyer to present two additional designs for a new building on his own in 1822.
The classicist designs were based on the church of the Reformed community in Aurich, which he built in 1814. Meyer also had opponents who rejected his designs. In 1825 the King of Hanover donated 5,000 thalers for the new building and the building inspector Reinhold from Leer presented another draft. In the period that followed, further designs by Conrad Bernhard Meyer, senior building officer Anton Heinrich Dammert (in Lingen), senior building officer Georg Moller (in Darmstadt) and Hagemann (in Hanover) were discussed without result.
Conrad Bernhard Meyer died in 1830. In May 1832, the community should finally vote on a design by Meyers, revised by Reinhold, a design by Hagemann and, alternatively, on an extension to the Reformed church. Meyer's simplified plan was selected as edited by Reinhold and Ulrichs. The foundation stone was laid on April 9, 1833 . The church was consecrated on November 15, 1835.
Meyer's design, executed in 1835, was built as a compact brick shell 32.60 m long, 19.86 m wide and an eaves height of 13.25 m under a hipped roof . The 5.50 m high windows are relics of a colossal order planned with columns . The seven-axis south side with the main portal led directly to the altar. According to the idea of a sermon church, the altar was located opposite on the north side in a proscenium-like pulpit wall. The pulpit from 1692 was installed directly above the reredos . There was a two-storey gallery on the south and east sides . The organ stood on the one-story gallery in the west. The original classical colors were white-gray-gold. The coffins of the East Frisian Princely House were placed in a crypt under the Ostend.
Modifications (1885/1899/1960)
In 1885 the entire interior of the church was painted a heavy red-brown interior. In 1899 a stairwell was added to the east side. During the extensive modernization in 1959/60 by chief building director Dietrich Müller-Stüler , the second circumferential gallery and the pulpit wall were removed. The reredos received a new cafeteria and were placed in front of the north wall, from which the two middle windows were closed. The pulpit was placed on the side of a pillar. The interior painting was brought back to the original classical colors.
Furnishing
The light-flooded interior has been shaped by the object-like installation of the "Ihlower Altar" since the modernization in 1960. The modern austerity is completed by the side placement of the baroque pulpit and the new organ from 1961 with the prospectus corresponding to the altar.
altar
The altar of the Lamberti Church in Aurich is a late Gothic Antwerp reredos that came to Aurich together with the organ from the Ihlow monastery in 1529 during the Reformation. There the altar was first placed in the chapel of the castle . Count Ulrich II. Donated it to the Lambertikirche in Aurich around 1630.
The altar was made by the Guild of St. Luke between 1510 and 1515 . This is indicated by fire and gouge marks on the back of the altar. There are burned hands (symbols from the Antwerp city coat of arms, which were used by the local Guild of St. Luke).
The middle part of the altar consists of eight fields and shows scenes from the life of Christ: Annunciation, meeting between Mary and Elisabeth, birth, circumcision, carrying the cross, burial, resurrection and in the center, dominating the other scenes, the crucifixion. In the three larger fields you can see another three scenes from the life of Christ as well as the seven sacraments on small consoles. The carved figures emerge from the background, they act with moving gestures.
pulpit
The baroque pulpit of the Lamberti Church is the foundation of the Emden bailiff Dr. jur. Hermann Arnold von Lengering from 1692. The pulpit rests on a simple column (1960) and is carried by five mythical animals. The main zone is divided into fields by five Corinthian columns, on which Moses with the tablets of the law and the figures of the prophets Jeremiah, Isaiah, Ezekiel and Daniel stand. This makes the Aurich pulpit one of the few with depictions of five prophets.
Baptismal font
There are two baptismal fonts in the Lambertikirche. The one in the main room was created in 1971 by the sculptor Siegfried Zimmermann from Hanover, who also created the lectern and candlesticks.
The older baptismal font dates from 1915. It was created by the Oldenburg artist Professor Bernhard Winter and is presented as a large marble bowl resting on a tall oak shaft. For the relief that shows how the children are brought to Jesus, the artist used Aurich citizens as models.
Organs
It is said that in 1529 the first "organ in the Aurich church (without the Rückpositiv, which was added some time ago [1675]) came from the Closter Ihlo". This movement had eight registers , divided into main movement, breast movement and pedal , and was extended by Joachim Kayser in 1675 by a Rückpositiv , but often had to be repaired. From 1755 to 1760 a new building with 27 registers was carried out by Johann Friedrich Constabel and Ernst Berner, who had been asked for help on behalf of his brother and Constabel's son-in-law Johann Adam Berner . Johann Adam Berner was behind schedule because of other new buildings, so that he was legally prohibited from accepting any further work. The model for Aurich was probably the Wagner organ in Trondheim . David Benjamin Opitz from Groden (Cuxhaven) designed the prospectus , which was made by the master carpenter and cabinet maker Vogeler from Jever. The instrument was transferred to the new church in 1835 by Johann Gottfried Rohlfs . In 1898/99 the company P. Furtwängler & Hammer built a new factory with 29 registers and pneumatic cone chests in the old case . The instrument was rebuilt in a baroque style in 1939, but its sound remained unsatisfactory and in the end it was prone to failure, so that cantor Helmut Perl planned a new building from 1954. In 1959 the listed old prospectus and some parts of the case were sold to St. Marien (Niederbreisig) and have been preserved there.
Today's church organ was made in 1961 by the Ahrend & Brunzema company ( Leer-Loga ) using traditional craft techniques and has gained international fame. Its prospectus, which is characterized by double doors, gilded, chased and embossed pipes and a mirror principle in the treble field, was designed by the Aurich building officer D. Müller-Stüler. The instrument has 25 stops on two manuals and a pedal. The installation of another manual work (breastwork) is prepared and a loop in the pedal can also be expanded. The playing and register actions are mechanical. The wind pressure is 70 mm water column , the pitch is a 1 = 440 Hz ( equal tuning , originally Werckmeister tuning ).
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- Coupling : I / II, I / P, II / P.
In addition to the main organ, the parish has a choir organ. The positive was built in 1993 by Peter Reichmann in Braunschweig and has three registers (Gedackt 8 ′, Rohrflöte 4 ′, Principal 2 ′).
chandelier
Inside the church hangs a Flemish brass chandelier dating from 1630. There are also two smaller candlesticks, which date from the 18th century.
Bell tower, cemetery
Bell tower (Lambertiturm)
The church bells are located in the separate "Lambertiturm", which probably originally marked the southeast corner of the church district to Langen Strasse (now Burgstrasse). Probably built in the 13th century as a gable roof covered triple parallel wall construction with a total height of 15 meters, the tower received its present shape in the years 1656 to 1662. During this time, a second floor, the two galleries and the spire were built. A Gothic lintel arch can still be seen above the door to Kirchstrasse. Today the Lambertiturm is the symbol of the city and was completely renovated in 1994/1995.
Bells
Every day at 9 p.m., the Rüm Straat Lüden , which is said to have been ordered in the town charter , sounds . Over the centuries, the bells were repeatedly melted down and mostly re-cast on site. Some had to be given up in both world wars.
The largest bell was cast in 1717 by the East Frisian bell caster Mammeus Fremy. She is tuned to d '. With donations from the Aurich population, three new bells were procured from the Otto bell foundry in Bremen-Hemelingen in 1969 to replace the bells delivered during the world wars . The newer bells sound in e ', g' and a 'and have the following diameters: 1204 mm, 1013 mm, 902 mm. The pitch of the bell matches that of the nearby Catholic St. Ludgerus Church.
graveyard
The original cemetery was the area around the medieval church structure. In 1806 the “New Cemetery”, which still exists today, was laid out on von-Jhering-Straße to the northwest of the ramparts. The old cemetery was finally given up in the years 1815 to 1818 after great resistance from the Aurich population had been settled.
Since the royal crypt was closed when the old church was demolished, a new grave cellar had to be built under the east end of the new building for the coffins of the ruling family. The ceremonial coffins were badly damaged when the groundwater penetrated. Therefore it was decided to build a mausoleum for the Cirksena family in the new cemetery . That happened in 1875/76. After the restoration of the coffins, they were brought there in a ceremonial procession in September 1880 at night by torchlight.
The Lamberti parish of Aurich
The Evangelical Lutheran parish Aurich belongs to the church district Aurich in Sprengel Ostfriesland-Ems of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover . The parish also includes the villages of Egels, Extum, Georgsfeld, Haxtum, Kirchdorf, Popens, Rahe, Sandhorst, Tannenhausen, Walle, Wallinghausen. Plaggenburg, Pfalzdorf and Dietrichsfeld were also included until around 1900.
See also
literature
- Karl Anklam: The Lamberti Church in Aurich , Aurich 1928
- Robert Noah: The Lambertikirche in Aurich ( Ostfriesische Kunstführer , issue 4). Aurich 1982
- Hans-Bernd Rödiger, Heinz Ramm: Frisian churches in Auricherland, Norderland, Brokmerland and in Krummhörn , volume 2. Verlag CL Mettcker & Sons, Jever (2nd edition) 1983, p. 24 ff.
- Robert Noah: God's Houses in East Frisia , North, 1989, ISBN 3922365809
- Ev.-luth. Lamberti-Kirchengemeinde Aurich (Hrsg.): The Lamberti-Kirche in Aurich , Aurich 2006
- Herbert R. Marwede: Pre-Reformation altars in East Friesland . Dissertation, Hamburg 2007 ( online , PDF; 1.2 MB)
- The church council of the Ev.-luth. Lambertikirchengemeinde Aurich (ed.): 175 years Lambertikirche in Aurich, 1835–2010, commemorative publication for the church anniversary, Aurich 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-032184-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hajo van Lengen in: 175 years Lambertikirche in Aurich, 1835 - 2010, Festschrift for the church anniversary, Aurich 2010, p. 20 ff
- ^ Robert Noah: The Lambertikirche in Aurich . Accessed October 30, 2013.
- ^ Karl-Ernst Behre , Hajo van Lengen: Ostfriesland. History and shape of a cultural landscape , Aurich 1995, ISBN 3-925365-85-0 , p. 192
- ↑ Tanno Ramm in: 175 years Lambertikirche in Aurich, 1835 - 2010, Festschrift for the church anniversary, Aurich 2010, p. 32 ff
- ↑ Hinrich Schoolmann: Our dear little town - A walk through the old Aurich. Verlag AHF Dunkmann KG, Aurich without year, without ISBN, p. 25 ff.
- ^ Nicolaus Heutger, Viola Heutger: Lower Saxony order houses and monasteries: history and present. Lectures and research . Berlin 2009, ISBN 3867320381 , p. 95.
- ↑ a b Monika van Lengen ( East Frisian Landscape ): Ev.-luth. Lambertikirche Aurich , seen February 4th 2011.
- ^ City of Aurich: The Lambertikirche
- ↑ Christian Funck: East Frisian Chronicle . Ed .: Johann Diedrich Funck. tape 2 . Borgeest, Aurich 1784, p. 55 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Harald Vogel , Günter Lade, Nicola Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony . Hauschild Verlag , Bremen 1997, ISBN 3-931785-50-5 , p. 316 .
- ↑ Ev.-ref. Parish Aurich (Hrsg.): Organ town Aurich . Self-published, Aurich 2003, p. 64 (Editor: Wolfgang Henninger).
- ↑ AW Wiki: Catholic Parish Church “St. Marien “Niederbreisig , seen July 30, 2011.
- ↑ organ on NOMINE eV February saw the third 2011th
- ^ Choir organ of the Lambertikirche , accessed on January 25, 2014.
- ^ Lamberti Foundation Aurich / Ostfriesland: History of the Church. Lambertiturm , viewed on August 3, 2011.
- ↑ Hinrich Schoolmann: Our dear little town - A walk through the old Aurich. Verlag AHF Dunkmann KG, Aurich without year, without ISBN, p. 28
- ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, here in particular pp. 96, 562 .
- ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, in particular pp. 113, 515 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).
- ^ NDR.de: Lambertikirche in Aurich , viewed on August 10, 2011.
Coordinates: 53 ° 28 ′ 11.5 " N , 7 ° 28 ′ 45.7" E
