St. Marien (Niederbreisig)

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Catholic parish church of St. Marien

The Catholic parish church St. Marien (also: Mariä Himmelfahrt ) in Niederbreisig , a district of Bad Breisig , in the district of Ahrweiler in Rhineland-Palatinate , is a baroque hall building that was completed in 1725. It is one of the cultural monuments in Bad Breisig . The church belongs to the parish community Breisiger Land in the diocese of Trier .

history

The first written mention of a parish church in (Ober-) Breisig ("ecciesia in brisiaco") dates from 1041. The St. Florin monastery in Koblenz had the right of patronage . In a contract dated July 26, 1311, the Archbishop of Cologne, Heinrich II, stipulated that the right of patronage to “Brische” was to be exercised jointly by Koblenz's Florinsstift and the Essener Stift .

A chapel in Niederbreisig is mentioned for the first time in 1337, which was dedicated to St. Nicholas and St. Sebastian . It was the branch chapel of St. Viktor (Oberbreisig) . In addition to the parish church of St. Viktor, a church of the Order of St. John belonged to the parish of Breisig .

The Essen prince abbess Anna Salome von Salm-Reifferscheidt , sovereign of the Breisiger Ländchen , laid the foundation stone for the construction of the current tower on May 18, 1654, which was not completed until 1718. The branch community built the choir and nave between 1718 and 1725 . The new church was consecrated on October 6, 1727 by the Cologne auxiliary bishop Maria . In 1786 Niederbreisig was raised to an independent parish.

The baroque building underwent a change in the 1880s when the windows received tracery with colored glass and the middle choir window was bricked up. On September 20, 1944, St. Marien suffered war damage; the interior was preserved. In the course of the renovation work, the windows were restored to their original shape and with clear glass. A major renovation was completed in 2011.

Building description

Interior with a view of the high altar

Like the previous building, today's hall church is not faced , but rather oriented towards the southeast due to the cramped conditions in the old town center. Philipp Honorius Ravensteyn , the Trier court architect, is accepted as the architect .

The single-nave baroque hall structure has five axes and a 5/8 choir closure. The church, which is kept entirely in white, is characterized by gothic shapes: outside the wreath of buttresses, inside the vault with cross ribs and keystones , the belt arches of which are supported by cranked pilasters . Large arched windows allow sufficient light into the interior.

The landmark of Niederbreisig is the striking bell tower on the north side. It has a square floor plan and also serves as an entrance. The baroque pilaster portal has a curved gable and bears the year 1718 in the lintel. The gate hall is provided with a cross vault. A double dome with an open lantern closes the tower, in which three bells hang, the oldest of which was cast in 1400.

Since 1977, a transept has been attached to the western side as an extension, which is connected to the nave by two large round arches.

Furnishing

St. Sebastian as a martyr (around 1730)

In the interior, the furnishings from the Baroque period are almost completely preserved. The wooden furnishings are dominated by dark brown tones with gilding.

The three-sided choir is dominated by the high altar and the two smaller side altars, all of which date from the first half of the 18th century. The main altar has three levels. Above the tabernacle , the Assumption of Mary is depicted as a sculpture in the middle , and above a trinity relief, which was added in 1924. The central figure of Mary is flanked on the left by Peter , an angel and a figure with a monstrance (1924), on the right by Augustine (1924), an angel and Paul . The side altars show the two saints to whom the previous building was dedicated: St. Nicholas and St. Sebastian. On the large painting on the left altar you can see Maria Immaculata , above it Nicholas with children, on the right altar Sebastian as a martyr .

In the church there is a silver cross from around 1400, which contains a cross particle from the Donatus Chapel of the Templar court. The relic is kept in a basalt case. A Latin inscription indicates the content: "Ecce lignum crucis" (translated: "See, wood from the cross"). The Templar Cross was left to the Maltese and has been exhibited on the day of the Exaltation of the Cross since the Middle Ages. Over time, the Holy Cross Festival became the historic onion market. After the abolition of the Commandery and the demolition of the chapel in the 19th century, the precious relic came to St. Mary's.

Parts of a Roman votive altar from the 2nd century, which was found at the Vinxtbach , are kept. It shows a goat eating foliage.

The carved hexagonal pulpit (around 1730) consists of a staircase, pulpit basket and sound cover. The fields at the staircase and the basket are decorated with gold-plated carvings, the corners of the basket and the top of the pulpit cover are made of large rocailles . The Tower of the crowned All-Seeing Eye of God , which is enclosed by a triangle and a halo surrounded.

On the red-painted pilasters on the inner walls are seven carved statues of Christian saints with their attributes. On the west wall, Christ is depicted as the Good Shepherd with a sheep and a staff, St. Tied to a tree and pierced by arrows. Sebastian, St. Johannes Nepomuk with biretta and crucifix as well as St. Nicholas in bishop's clothing with miter , crook and Bible, on the east wall St. Anthony with baby Jesus and lily, Joseph of Nazareth with a triangle and saw and to the right of the pulpit on a crescent moon the crowned Mary of Victory with the baby Jesus in her arms, who defeats the serpent with the staff of the cross. Apart from Sebastian, who was carved around 1730, the other six statues are neo-baroque and were made around 1910.

The wooden organ gallery (around 1740) is decorated with bas-reliefs with rocailles and putti. In the middle stands the statue of St. Katharina in a porch under a round arch that holds a wagon wheel with iron spikes. In contrast to the other dark wood tones, the gallery and church stalls are made of light oak. The pews with their carved cheeks were created around 1740, the communion bench with rich carvings in 1731.

organ

Interior with organ gallery

Interior work and the outer leaflet of the organ have ever their own history. A first organ is mentioned in 1817, which was acquired second-hand by the parish church of St. Martin in Cochem and was probably originally built in 1657 for the Marienberg monastery near Boppard . This instrument had three registers and was replaced in 1844 by a work with 13 voices behind a neo-Gothic prospect by the Ibach Sons (Barmen).

In 1959/60, the organ builders Kreienbrink (Osnabrück) and Josef Klein (Westerwald) carried out an expansion with 25 registers, which was increasingly in need of repairs due to older and inferior material. The magnificent prospectus goes back to an organ that Johann Friedrich Constabel and Ernst Berner, brother of his son-in-law Johann Adam Berner , created for the Lambertikirche in Aurich between 1755 and 1760 . The model was probably the Wagner organ in Trondheim . Based on a design by David Benjamin Opitz from Groden (Cuxhaven) , cabinet maker Vogeler from Jever made the seven-part brochure in a typical North German manner. When a new organ was planned in Aurich, the old prospectus and some parts of the case were sold to St. Marien in 1959. Richly designed carving ("organ ears") with rocailles is attached to the large lateral pedal towers. In the middle are the main structure and the upper structure on two levels: The central round towers and the pointed towers are connected by rectangular flat fields, which are two-story in the upper structure and are flanked by small pointed towers. The veil also serves as the top and bottom of the pipe fields as a finish and as a crown on the entire case. An organ sponsorship association founded in 2004 committed itself to the new building and its financing, researched the history of the organ and supported the redesign. Donations and grants for new construction and restoration had raised € 466,000 by January 2012, which corresponded to around 80% of the total costs.

Rowan West created the new organ in 2011/12, the sound of which corresponds to the baroque exterior. Dietrich Wellmer restored the historical prospectus. The new instrument is committed to the style of the North German high baroque and contains registers that have been known in northern and central Germany since the early 17th century. The scale and intonation of the organ pipes also correspond to the practices of the North German Baroque. The metal pipes were made using the sand casting process. The new organ sounded for the first time during Christmas mass on December 24, 2011 and was consecrated by Auxiliary Bishop Jörg Michael Peters on March 18, 2012. The instrument has the following disposition with 28 registers:

I main work C – f 3
Quintadhena 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Reed flute 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Pointed flute 4 ′
Fifth 3 ′
Super octave 2 ′
Cornet III
Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Trumpet 8th'
Vox Humana 8th'
II Positive C – f 3
Covered 8th'
Quintadhena 8th'
Viola da gamba 8th'
Unda Maris 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Lull Travers 4 ′
Nasat 3 ′
Gemshorn 2 ′
Sesquialtera II
Scharff IV 1'
Hoboy 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Octavbass 8th'
Octave 4 ′
trombone 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
Trumpet 4 ′

literature

  • Manfred Röttger: The white church on the river . In: Heimatjahrbuch des Kreis Ahrweiler , 1960 ( online ).
  • Carl Bertram Hommen: Sankt Viktor on the mountain Sankt Marien am Strom. On the church history of the »Breisiger Ländchen« . In: Heimatjahrbuch des Kreis Ahrweiler , 1985 ( online )
  • Heino Möhring: A Roman relic about an Egyptian cult in a Christian place. To a relief in the parish church of St. Marien, Bad Breisig . In: Heimatjahrbuch des Kreis Ahrweiler , 1998 ( online ).
  • Josef Klerings: The church “St. Marien “in Bad Breisig , 1984.
  • Organ Funding Association St. Marien Bad Breisig e. V. (Franz H. Peters): The organ of St. Marien Bad Breisig . Bad Breisig 2008.
  • Organ Funding Association St. Marien Bad Breisig e. V. (Franz H. Peters): The new organ from St. Marien Bad Breisig. A documentation . Dreesbach, Bad Breisig 2012.
  • Parish of the Assumption of Mary in Breisig: 200 years of the Parish of Assumption of Mary in Bad Breisig (1786-1986). Festschrift . Parish council of Sankt Marien, Bad Breisig 1986.
  • Michael Hoellen: St. Marien, Bad Breisig . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1994 (Small Art Guide; 2109).

Web links

Commons : St. Marien  - Collection of Images
  • Philipp de Lorenzi: Contributions to the history of all parishes in the Diocese of Trier . Bischöfliches General-Vicariate, Trier 1887, p. 390f ( online ).
  • www.kunstwanderungen.de (PDF; 2.8 MB)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Homepage of the parish ( Memento from April 21, 2005 in the Internet Archive ).
  2. ↑ a b Manfred Röttger: The white church on the river . In: Heimatjahrbuch des Kreis Ahrweiler , 1960 ( online ), viewed 19 August 2011.
  3. ↑ a b c d Ahrweiler Wiki: Catholic parish church "St. Marien “Niederbreisig , seen August 19, 2011.
  4. ^ A b Philipp de Lorenzi: Contributions to the history of all parishes in the Diocese of Trier . Bischöfliches General-Vicariate, Trier 1887, p. 390f ( online ), viewed August 19, 2011.
  5. ↑ a b c d bad-breisig.de: Churches and chapels in the Verbandsgemeinde Bad Breisig , accessed on January 13, 2017.
  6. ↑ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer , Matthias Thömmes: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 4: Koblenz and Trier administrative districts, Altenkirchen and Neuwied districts . 2 volumes. Schott, Mainz 2005, ISBN 978-3-7957-1342-3 , pp. 751 (Contributions to the Middle Rhine Music History 40).
  7. ↑ organ Förderverein St. Marien Bad Breisig e. V .: The organ of St. Marien Bad Breisig . Bad Breisig 2008, pp. 4-6.
  8. ^ Harald Vogel , Günter Lade, Nicola Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony . Hauschild Verlag , Bremen 1997, ISBN 3-931785-50-5 , p. 316 .
  9. ↑ organ Förderverein St. Marien Bad Breisig e. V. (Ed.): The new organ from St. Marien Bad Breisig. 2012, p. 26.

Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 34.2 "  N , 7 ° 17 ′ 55.4"  E