Large marine ecosystem

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As a Large Marine Ecosystems (LME) relatively large coastal sea areas are designated in which the primary production of biomass is higher than in the open ocean. The areas are usually larger than 200,000 km², extend along the coasts of all continents and usually include at least the continental shelf . Ken Sherman coined the term LMEs in 1985 in order to create a basis for resource management and ongoing monitoring of larger marine ecological units.

The defining characteristics of the LMEs are the composition and productivity of phyto- and zooplankton . These factors in turn depend on the changing water exchange with the open ocean. Climatic fluctuations also affect primary production. LMEs are changed by human input of nutrients (fertilization, faeces, etc.) and fishing.

Designated LMEs

The US state NOAA has so far identified 64 LMEs:

  1. Eastern Bering Sea (East Bering Sea), LME 1
  2. Gulf of Alaska (Gulf of Alaska), LME 2
  3. California Current (California Current), LME 3
  4. Gulf of California , LME 4
  5. Gulf of Mexico , LME 5
  6. Southeast US Continental Shelf, LME 6
  7. Northeast US Continental Shelf, LME 7
  8. Scotian Shelf, LME 8
  9. Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf, LME 9
  10. Insular Pacific-Hawaiian, LME 10
  11. Pacific Central-American Coastal, LME 11
  12. Caribbean Sea , LME 12
  13. Humboldt Current (Humboldt Current), LME 13
  14. Patagonian Shelf, LME 14
  15. South Brazil Shelf, LME 15
  16. East Brazil Shelf, LME 16
  17. North Brazil Shelf, LME 17
  18. West Greenland Shelf, LME 18
  19. Iceland Shelf, LME 19
  20. Barents (Barents Sea), LME 20
  21. Norwegian Sea (Norwegian Sea), LME 21
  22. North Sea, LME 22
  23. Baltic Sea, LME 23
  24. Celtic-Biscay Shelf, LME 24
  25. Iberian Coastal, LME 25
  26. Mediterranean Sea, LME 26
  27. Canary current (Canary Current), LME 27
  28. Guinea Current (Guinea Current), LME 28
  29. Benguela Current, LME 29
  30. Agulhas Current, LME 30
  31. Somali Coastal Current, LME 31
  32. Arabian Sea (Arabian Sea), LME 32
  33. Red Sea , LME 33
  34. Bay of Bengal (Bay of Bengal), LME 34
  35. Gulf of Thailand , LME 35
  36. South China Sea (South China Sea), LME 36
  37. Sulu- and Celebessee (Sulu Celebes Sea), LME 37
  38. Indonesian Sea, LME 38
  39. North Australian Shelf, LME 39
  40. Northeast Australian Shelf, LME 40
  41. East-Central Australian Shelf, LME 41
  42. Southeast Australian Shelf, LME 42
  43. Southwest Australian Shelf, LME 43
  44. West-Central Australian Shelf, LME 44
  45. Northwest Australian Shelf, LME 45
  46. New Zealand Shelf, LME 46
  47. East China Sea (East China Sea), LME 47
  48. Yellow Sea (Yello Sea), LME 48
  49. Kuroshio (Kuroshio Current), LME 49
  50. Sea of ​​Japan / East Sea, LME 50
  51. Oyashio Current, LME 51
  52. Okhotsk Sea (Sea of Okhotsk), LME 52
  53. Western Bering Sea (West Sea Bearing), LME 53
  54. Chukchi (Chukchi Sea), LME 54
  55. Beaufort Sea (Beaufort Sea), LME 55
  56. East Siberian Sea (East Siberian Sea), LME 56
  57. Laptev (Laptev Sea), LME 57
  58. Kara (Kara Sea), LME 58
  59. East Greenland Shelf, LME 59
  60. Faroe Plateau, LME 60
  61. Antarctic, LME 61
  62. Black Sea , LME 62
  63. Hudson Bay , LME 63
  64. Arctic Ocean , LME 64

Publications

  • G. Hempel and K. Sherman: Large Marine Ecosystems of the World: Trends in Exploitation, Protection, and Research .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ LME: Introduction to the LME Portal: The Large Marine Ecosystem Approach to the Assessment and Management of Coastal Ocean Waters. Retrieved February 9, 2016 .
  2. ^ Gotthilf Hempel: Large Marine Ecosystems - A practical concept . In: Gotthilf Hempel, Irmtraud Hempel, Sigrid Schiel (eds.): Fascination Marine Research. An ecological reader. House sign, Bremen 2006
  3. ↑ LME: Introduction to the LME Portal: The Large Marine Ecosystem Approach to the Assessment and Management of Coastal Ocean Waters. Retrieved February 9, 2016 .