Laucharassari
| Laucharassari | ||||||||||
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Laucharassari |
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| Aulacorhynchus prasinus | ||||||||||
| ( Gould , 1834) |
The Toucanet ( Aulacorhynchus prasinus ) is a beheimateter in Central and South America woodpecker bird from the family of toucans . Several subspecies are distinguished.
features
The leek arassari is up to 35 centimeters long and 160 grams in weight. Its plumage is predominantly green. As with other toucans, a prominent feature is its long beak; the upper beak is yellow and black to diverging parts, the lower beak, however, mostly completely black. Males and females hardly differ externally, but the former are slightly larger. The eggs of the animals are white.
Specimens from different regions differ so much in individual characteristics that a division into different subspecies was considered. For example, the spots on the animals' throats can be white, purple or blue.
Occurrence
The Laucharassari can be found in moist forests and open wooded areas. Its distribution area extends from Mexico through Costa Rica , Panama and Venezuela to Bolivia , although it is usually found in higher regions. It is predominantly an inhabitant of mountain forests and occurs at altitudes between 1,600 and 3,000 meters. In the middle altitudes, its distribution more often overlaps with that of the blood rump arassaris .
According to the IUCN , the population is currently not at risk.
behavior
Laurcharassaris are cave breeders and use abandoned woodpecker holes and similar tree hollows, which are occasionally expanded by the Laucharassaris. The entrance hole is about big enough for an adult leek arassari to slip through. Laucharassaris are nesting cave competitors with the Aztec bearded bird . Unlike the toucan bearded bird , which breed in a cooperative family group and are able to drive away much larger species such as the inguinal- billed toucan , the individually breeding Aztec bearded birds have no chance of driving the larger leek arassaris from their nesting holes.
The females of the Laucharassaris lay three to four eggs per breeding period. Both males and females take part in the brood, which lasts 14 to 16 days. Freshly hatched Laucharassaris are initially completely naked, have closed eyes and have wider and longer lower beaks than the upper beaks. They also have very noticeable, large heel calluses, which presumably prevent chafing through when sitting on the hard nesting surface. Both parent birds are involved in feeding the young birds. They mainly receive fruit, but also insects and occasionally nestlings of other bird species. The development of young birds is very slow, the eyes only open from the 25th day of life and around the 35th day of life they are largely feathered. The young birds fledge after about 6 weeks, but are still fed a few weeks after leaving the nest. Fledglings that have just fledged already have the size of an adult leek rassari and resemble them in terms of plumage. However, the beak is still significantly smaller than that of the adults.
The birds often appear in groups of 5 to 10 animals. They feed mainly on fruits, but also on insects, bird eggs and lizards . Research in the 1980s showed that Laucharassaris ingest fruits from at least 113 different plants. In addition, animals were observed several times that ate flowers , including from coral trees ( Erythrina lanceolata ).
Subspecies
The subspecies recognized by the Integrated Taxonomic Information System are:
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus albivitta ( Boissonneau , 1840): This subspecies has a white throat and a white band around the root of the upper beak. It lives on subtropical mountain slopes of the eastern central Andes in Colombia as well as in the Andes in the east of Ecuador and in the west of Venezuela.
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus atrogularis ( JHCF Sturm & JW Sturm , 1841)
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus cyanolaemus ( Gould , 1866): The subspecies is very similar to the nominate form, however the throat is dark blue and the beak predominantly black, only the tip of the upper beak is yellow, and a light, yellow to white band runs at the base of the beak. The ridge of the beak is very wide. The subspecies occurs in mountain forests on the eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera in southern Ecuador and northern Peru.
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus dimidiatus ( Ridgway , 1886): The subspecies has a black throat, the ridge of the beak and the sides of the upper beak are predominantly yellow. A narrow white band runs along the base of the beak, the rest of the beak is black. The distribution area of this subspecies is limited to the Loreto department in eastern Peru.
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus griseigularis ( Chapman , 1915): The subspecies has a gray throat with a blue tinge. The beak is similar to that of the subspecies A. p. phaeolaemsu colored. The distribution area are the western foothills of the central Andes and the northern part of the western Andes.
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus lautus ( Bangs , 1898): This subspecies has a gray throat and a black beak with an olive-yellow beak ridge. A white band spans the base of the beak, this band has a yellow border on the upper beak. The species has a relatively small range and occurs in the subtropical and temperate zone of the Santa Marta Mountains in Colombia. The altitude distribution ranges from 1,500 to 2,700 meters.
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus phaeolaemus (Gould, 1874): This subspecies is characterized by a gray-blue throat, the beak is black with a yellow ridge and a vertical white band at the base of the beak. The subspecies occurs in subtropical forests in the southern half of the western Andes in Colombia.
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus prasinus (Gould, 1833): The subspecies occurs exclusively in southeastern Mexico.
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus virescens (Ridgway, 1912): The subspecies has a white throat plumage and a narrow black stripe on the edge of the beak. Otherwise the type is similar to the nominate form. The distribution area is the north of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and Nicaragua.
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus volcanius ( Dickey & Van Rossem , 1930) The subspecies occurs in isolation at the San Miguel volcano in El Salvador. It is a little lighter in color than the subspecies A. p. virescens .
- Aulacorhynchus prasinus warneri Winker , 2000
However, there are also contrary opinions in the literature on this classification. According to the IOC World Bird List, Aulacorhynchus wagleri , Aulacorhynchus lautus , Aulacorhynchus albivitta and Aulacorhynchus atrogularis could be separate species.
swell
literature
- John Gould : Family of Toucans with a foreword by Jonathan Elphick; Taschen, Cologne 2011 ISBN 978-3-8365-0524-6
- Werner Lantermann: Toucans and Arassaris. Filander Verlag, Fürth 2002, ISBN 3-930831-46-5
- Wagner, HO (1944): Notes on the Life History of the Emerald Toucanet (PDF; 745 kB); in: The Wilson Bulletin: 56 (2): 65-76.
Web links
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Aulacorhynchus prasinus in the Internet Bird Collection
- Description at nashvillezoo.org (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Navarro, A., AT Peterson, E. López-Medrano, H. Benítez-Díaz: Species limits in Mesoamerican Aulacorhynchus Toucanets. In: The Wilson Bulletin 113 (4), 2001, pp. 363-372. doi : 10.1676 / 0043-5643 (2001) 113 [0363: SLIMAT] 2.0.CO; 2
- ↑ Aulacorhynchus prasinus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ↑ Lantermann, p. 105
- ↑ Lantermann, p. 106
- ↑ Riley, Cecilia M. and Kimberly G. Smith (1986): Flower Eating by Emerald Toucanets in Costa Rica; in: The Condor, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Aug., 1986), p. 396
- ↑ ITIS Aulacorhynchus prasinus (Eng.)
- ↑ IOC World Bird List 2.4 UPDATES: ACCEPTED SPLITS (January 2009) ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
