Aak
Aak is the name for two different types of ship, namely one for Dutch fishing vessels and the other for river cargo ships in the Lower Rhine area .
Dutch fishing vessels
In the Dutch province of Friesland , Aak is a general term for a fishing vessel . For fishing on the Zuidersee , the Lemmeraak , now called Lemsteraak , has been built in Lemmer since 1876 by the shipyard De Boer , a fast sailor 10 to 15 m in length. With it, the catch was taken over by the so-called herring dinghies and transported to the markets.
The hull of the Lemsteraak is built on a keel , but still shallow ( flat bottom ship ). Bug and stern are around , the front steven is bent, the stern straight. The foredeck is up to the mast covered and the side boards long and narrow. A gaff sail with a short, curved gaff is driven on the mast . The jib and jib are used as headsails .
Very soon the Aak type was already being built as a yacht - among other things for the Dutch royal family - and provided with a cabin instead of an open work space. This type is still built today as yachts with a length of 9 to 15 m and some are used in charter operations.
The Palingaak , also known as the Palingschuit , is a Dutch cargo sailing boat used to transport live eels to London . This type of ship is very similar to the Tjalk . It is a 19 m long ship built on a keel with U-shaped main frames . The deck is continuous. The steep stem is curved outwards, the stern stem straight. The Palingaak has rounded leeboards and has the same sails as the Lemmeraak, supplemented by a wide jib and a top sail . Up to eleven tons of eel could be transported in the Bünn , the water- filled fish box in the boat's hull .
The Wieringeraak is similar to the Lemmeraak, but is generally shorter and wider. It has a low bow and a flat bottom. The bulwark is raised over the entire length of the ship with a riser . Wieringeraaken have been used in the Dutch Wadden Sea and around Wieringen to catch flatfish and mussels and to harvest seaweed since the second half of the 19th century .
The Boeieraak , built in South Holland, is a fishing vessel used to catch and transport fish. It is around eleven meters long, has a flat bottom, has a hard chine and has no keel. Unlike the other Aak types, the Boeieraak has no stems. The floor runs up in a plate at the bow and stern. Fore and aft are covered. The leeboards are narrow and the sails are similar to those of the other Aaken.
Other Dutch Aak types are: Stevenaak (with a stern attached to the bow plate), Schoeneraak , Westlander , IJsselaak , Zandaak , Dortenseaak , Hasselteraak , Beitelaak , Balant and Baquet . Nowadays, many of the Aaken have been converted into yachts.
When wooden ships were replaced by iron ships at the end of the 19th century, the shapes of the hulls of cargo-carrying sailors also changed. Thus, a 50 m long internal cargo ship applies with inwardly curved Steven, steamer rear and gaff ketch - rigging as a development of Aaken. This type of ship is also called Klipper or Klipperaak because of the hull shape of the clippers of the 19th century .
River cargo ships in the Lower Rhine area
The other basic Aak type, also known as Aake , is a barge , a cargo ship for the rivers and canals of the Lower Rhine region . These aaks are brick, shallow ships with no stems. The floor runs out into the raised floor planks fore and aft . At the foredeck, these ships have a triangular or trapezoidal bow plate. Aaks are towed, but with the appropriate equipment they can also sail themselves and for this they have leeboards.
In Germany there are different types, such as the Kölner Aak , the Dorstener Aak and the Ruhraak . Among other things, they drove on the Moselle and Rhine to transport wine . Ruhraaken were designed for the passage of the Ruhr locks built in the 18th century and were mainly used for the transport of coal in the early industrialization on the Ruhr . A typical Aak this construction is also the Hagenaar ( dt. "Hagen", that is, from Den Haag Coming ), a Dutch river cargo ship around 17 meters in length. It was built particularly low to be able to pass the wagon bridge in The Hague. Another type of Dutch aak is the keenaak .
See also
literature
- Erno Wiebeck and collective of authors: Taschenlexikon Schiffbau / Schiffahrt . Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig 1982.
