Leydig intermediate cell

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Leydig cells (7) in the connective tissue of the testicle

Leydig interstitial cells ( Endocrinocyti interstitiales , short: Leydig cells ) are a type of cell in the interstitium of the testicle . They are named after their discoverer Franz von Leydig .

They have a round nucleus , a polygonal cell body, enclose blood capillaries and contain, in addition to a richly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and many elongated mitochondria, lipid droplets , lipofuscin granules , small fields with rough endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes and Reinke crystals (named after the anatomist Friedrich Berthold Reinke ) . The proliferation rate of Leydig cells is low and depends on LH . The Leydig cells produce testosterone , which the sperm production stimulated, but also to the urinary sperm ducts and accessory sex glands acts, the development of secondary sex characteristics promotes the sebaceous gland function stimulates anabolic effect unfolded and libido promotes and potency. In addition, the insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is formed.

In the Leydig cell stimulation test , the cells are stimulated by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin in order to detect the presence of testicular tissue.

embryology

The intermediate cells (Leydig cells) develop in the mesenchyme or migrate from the urnal kidney ( mesonephros ). They lie between the testicular cords and produce testosterone from the 8th week onwards. Cell formation, differentiation and testosterone formation is controlled by the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) from the placenta via a G-protein-coupled receptor . The differentiation of the genital tract and the external genitalia is induced by the testosterone. The fetal Leydig cells stop their testosterone production after the hCG disappears (from the 5th month) and their number decreases by about 60% until birth. In the first two months of life, the number of Leydig cells and testosterone production increase again, then both decrease sharply and only increase again at the beginning of puberty .

Tumors

The Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor is a very rare tumor in the testicle or ovary , in which not only Leydig cells and Sertoli cells occur and cells of other tissues.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rolf Baur: Compact Textbook Anatomy . tape 1 . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 978-3-7945-2061-9 , pp. 320 .
  2. ^ A b Eberhard Nieschlag, Hermann M. Behre, Susan Nieschlag: Andrology: Fundamentals and clinics of reproductive health in men . 3. Edition. Springer, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-92963-5 , pp. 17 .
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Gerok: The internal medicine: reference work for the specialist . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-7945-2222-4 , pp. 1049 .
  4. ↑ Axel Wehrend: Key symptoms of gynecology and obstetrics in dogs. Enke Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-83-041076-8 , p. 57.
  5. ↑ a b Johannes W. Rohen and Elke Lütjen-Drecoll: Functional Embryology: The Development of the Functional Systems of the Human Organism . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-7945-3219-3 , pp. 114 .
  6. ↑ a b Beatrice R. Amann-Vesti: Clinical Pathophysiology . Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-13-449609-3 , p. 352 .
  7. ↑ Carlos Thomas: Histopathology: textbook and atlas for diagnosis and differential diagnosis = . Schattauer, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-7945-2429-7 , pp. 238 .