Purple milkling

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Purple milkling
The purple milkling (Lactarius lilacinus)

The purple milkling ( Lactarius lilacinus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Milklings ( Lactarius )
Type : Purple milkling
Scientific name
Lactarius lilacinus
( Lash ) Fr.

The purple Milchling or Alder Milchling ( Lactarius lilacinus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a rather small Milchling with a velvety, more or less pink to brick-colored hat. The rare and inedible mushroom is found under alder trees in damp forests and along streams, feet and ditches. The inedible fruit bodies usually appear gregarious to tufted from September to October.

features

Macroscopic features

The thin fleshy hat is 2–5 (12) cm wide, at first flat arched, then spread out flat, with an inflected edge and depressed center, and with age sometimes deepened in a funnel-shaped manner, whereby the edge remains inflected for a long time. He often has a small papilla in the middle of his hat. The smooth surface is matt and dry, initially fine and velvety, when pressed with age, finely flaky, especially in the center. The hat is dark pink-purple with a gray-purple tint. With age it fades to a flesh-colored ocher or becomes slightly purple-gray. Sometimes it is slightly zoned, especially towards the edge.

The young pale dirty-yellow, later ocher-colored to flesh-colored ocher lamellae have grown broadly on the stem or run down slightly. The lamellas are medium to wide and quite distant. They are often mixed in, sometimes bifurcated and sometimes slightly connected across the veins. The spore powder is whitish.

The more or less cylindrical stalk is 2.5-5 (7) cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide. It is often irregularly grooved or furrowed, the surface is dry and smooth. The stem is colored like the hat or paler. Usually it is more or less pale pink-ocher in color and often has an ocher-colored zone at the top, while it is more ocher-brown or cinnamon-colored towards the base. The inside of the stem is full when young and more or less hollow with age.

The fragile meat is creamy to pale ocher in color and has a fruity smell of "geranium leaves" (pelargonium) or of chicory, Maggi spice or fenugreek, similar to the oak milkling , but this smell intensifies when it dries. The meat tastes mild at first, then slowly spicy to slightly bitter. The white or watery white milk is usually rather sparse and more or less unchangeable. It dries in a pale gray-greenish color and tastes almost mild at first and after a short time bitter, sharp and scratchy to moderately hot.

Microscopic features

The rounded to elliptical spores are on average 7.7–8.2 µm long and 6.0–6.4 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.4. The spore ornament is 0.7-1.3 µm high and consists of warts and short ridges that are connected to form a more or less complete, slightly banded network. Closed meshes are just as common as isolated warts. The hillock is inamyloid or outwardly irregularly amyloid.

The cylindrical to slightly clubbed, 4-spore basidia measure 30–50 × 8.5–12 µm. The numerous, more or less cylindrical pleuromacrocystidia are 60–105 µm long and 7–11 (13) µm wide. The point is blunt or has a small point. The lamellar cutting edge is heterogeneous, that is, it carries both basidia and cheilomacrocystidia . The quite numerous, cylindrical Cheilomakrozystiden are 45–90 µm long and 6.5–9.5 µm wide.

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a poorly differentiated cutis that has some more or less trichoderm- like sections. The short-celled, thick, 4–20 µm wide hyphae are irregularly intertwined, with individual hyphae ends protruding clearly.

Species delimitation

The lilac milkling could be confused with the scaly milkling ( L. spinosulus ) or the birch irritant ( L. torminosus ), both of which form fruit bodies that are very similar in color and also have a sharp, white and unchanging milk. The Schüppchen-Milchling, however, has a more zoned and scaly hat and occurs under birch trees, while the birch-irritant, also found under birch trees, has a felty hat rim.

ecology

The purple milkling is one of the few milklings that are strictly bound to alders. In the lowlands, black alders serve as mycorrhizal partners in the higher mountains it grows with gray alder . The fungus can therefore be found in various alder-alluvial forest communities such as angular sedge, Hainsternmieren and bird cherry-black alder communities, but also in gray alder alluvial forests with and without birches or ash trees, as well as in broken alder forests . The Milchling needs regularly flooded, sluggish, moderately moist to waterlogged soils that can be acidic to neutral. It is found on sandy-loamy gley , pseudogley , alluvial loam and boggy soils. The fruit bodies usually appear gregarious to clumpy growing from September to October.

distribution

Spread of the in Europe.
Legend:
green = countries with found reports
white = countries without evidence
light gray = no data
dark gray = non-European countries.

The purple milkling is widespread in Northern Asia (Eastern Siberia), North America (USA) and Europe. In Europe, the Milchling can be found in southern Europe (Italy, Spain), in western and central Europe and in Fennoscandinavia. It is not known whether and to what extent the Milchling is also widespread in Eastern and Southeastern Europe.

In Germany, the Lila Milchling is known from all federal states and the records range from the East Frisian islands to the Alpine valleys, but it is very unevenly distributed and rare. It is common in Switzerland, but not often.

Systematics

The species was first described in 1828 by the German botanist and mycologist Gottlob Wilhelm Lasch as Agaricus lilacinus and in 1838 Fries placed it in the genus Lactarius , so that it was given its current name. A nomenclature synonym is Lactifluus lilacinus (Lasch) Kuntze (1891), other taxonomic synonyms are Lactarius lateritioroseus P. Karst. (1888), Lactarius cyathula (Fr.) Fr. (1838) (including the nomenclatorial Synonyms: Agaricus vietus var. Cyathula Fr.:Fr (1821) and Lactifluus cyathula (Fr.) Kuntze (1891)). Even with Lactarius helvus within the meaning of Bresadola (1881) is the Purple Milchling.

In contrast, the taxon L. lilacinus in the sense of Rea (1922) and JELange (1940) is the scaly milkling ( L. spinosulus ).

The species attribute ( epithet ) " lilacinus " means lilac or light purple and, like the German species name, refers to the color of the hat of the Milchling.

Inquiry systematics

M. Basso, M. Bon and Heilmann-Clausen put the Lila Milchling in the Colorati section , which is part of the Russularia subgenus. The representatives of the section have dry, more or less felted to scaly hats. The milk is scanty and / or watery and immutable. The hat skin is a cutis or a trichoderm and the spores are more or less ornamented.

meaning

The Lila Milchling is not an edible mushroom, even if its meat does not taste excessively hot.

literature

  • Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 88 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 168-169 .
  3. ↑ Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 194 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 76.
  5. ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 414.
  6. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Lactarius lilacinus. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 17, 2012 .
  7. ^ Observado.org - Lactarius lilacinus. Retrieved October 17, 2012 .
  8. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius lilacinus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 20, 2016 ; Retrieved September 14, 2011 .
  9. ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 271-73 .
  10. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Lactarius lilacinus. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved October 17, 2012 .
  11. ↑ Lactarius lilacinus in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved September 15, 2011 .
  12. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Lactarius lilacinus. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 17, 2012 .
  13. ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 457, 478 (Italian).
  14. ↑ C. Váczy: Lexicon botanicum polyglottum: . Latino Dacoromanico Anglico - Germanico - Gallico - Hungarico - Rossicum. Bucharest 1980, p. 289 , col. 174 ( online [PDF; 41.1 MB ]).

Web links

Commons : Lila Milchling ( Lactarius lilacinus )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files