List of rulers in the 12th century BC Chr.
Overview
14th century BC Chr. | 13th century BC Chr. | List of rulers in the 12th century BC Chr. | 11th century BC Chr. | 10th century BC Chr.
More events
This is a synchronous representation of the reigns of pre-ancient rulers in the 12th century BC , visualized in the form of equally scaled timelines.
The dates follow medium chronology and are neither certain nor final nor complete. Please note general information!
Remarks
Ramses Siptah was enthroned as a teenager; his mother Tausret ruled for the disabled boy ; she took over the rule after his death.
For all pharaohs of the 19th dynasty, Nissen (2012) gives different government information compared to Beckerath (1994), while otherwise there is broad agreement between the two authors regarding the dating to Egypt. Von Beckerath was used in the overview. Beckerath also gives periods of time for the last Ramessids with a dating tolerance of 4 years.
Adad-šuma-uṣur was probably a contemporary of Šutruk-Naḫḫunte II , as well as Enlil-kudurrī-uṣur and Ninurta-apil-ekur . His successor Meli-Šipak also ruled at the same time as Ninurta-apil-ekur.
Meli-Šipak's daughter married Šutruk-Nahhunte II. After the death of Meli-Šipak's son, Šutruk-Nahhunte II attacked Babylon, apparently ruled by a usurper, and plundered it. Babylon was not under Elamite rule for long, as the so-called 2nd Isin dynasty under Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur I. took all of Babylonia again after shaking off a brief Assyrian / Elamite foreign rule .
Nebuchadnezzar was again contemporary Aššur-reš-iši I and then Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I , who defeated him in battle, but not permanently defeated.
For Greece, and especially Anatolia, the dark centuries begin in the 12th century .
For the period 1200-1100 BC there are further details about rulers that are not listed here for various reasons. These include mythical ancestral kings, but also rulers, who cannot be precisely fixed in time. See, for example, the lists of the kings of Ireland , Byblos , Argos , Sparta , Corinth , Sikyon , Vietnam , Korea , and also the kings of the Shang dynasty .
Deputies and viceroys are only listed here if the territory they administer previously or subsequently formed an independent state.
General
In the timeline, a gap of one year symbolizes that the transition between two rulers will be assumed around this time. If the transition period can be determined more precisely, this is indicated by a thinner line. Larger gaps between two names do not necessarily mean that there was no ruler; but indicate an uncertainty. If no colored bars are displayed, the relevant rulers cannot be dated more precisely according to the latest research. The representation does not claim to be complete.
Specifically, the dating according to Nissen (2012) is used here for the information on ancient oriental kings and the dating according to Beckerath (1994) for the information on Egyptian kings. There are no reliable data for other parts of the world at this time, not even for China (compare chronological project Xia-Shang-Zhou ), where the Shang dynasty is said to have ruled over northern China, but all the more precise details are noted much later.
General note: Due to the problems with ancient oriental and Egyptian chronology, the information in this list has not been finalized. This is based on the Middle Chronology , which is commonly used as a convention among ancient orientalists. Specialist authors usually state which assumptions / chronologies their writings are based on: Depending on the opinion, the dating of great kings and pharaohs during this period can differ by several years from the information used here.
Due to new archaeological findings, the state of research and current doctrine on dating can occasionally change abruptly. If more recent findings are incorporated, the simultaneity of rulers must be checked (this should be guaranteed according to archaeological evidence) and the chronology used and the source / place of discovery must be indicated.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Hans Jörg Nissen : History of the Ancient Near East . Oldenbourg Verlag, 2nd edition 2012, Munich. ISBN 3-486-59223-8 .
- ↑ Jürgen von Beckerath : Chronology of the Pharaonic Egypt. The timing of Egyptian history from prehistoric times to 332 BC BC (= Munich Egyptological Studies . Vol. 46). von Zabern, Mainz 1997.