Thaw

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Name of Tausret
Throne name
M23
X1 		L2
X1
Hiero Ca1.svg
C2 C12 N36
N35 		X1
G39
Hiero Ca2.svg
Sat-Ra-meri (t) -en-Amun
S3t-Rˁ-mrj (t) -n-Jmn
daughter of Re , loved by Amun
Proper name
Hiero Ca1.svg
X1 G1 F12 D21
X1
D40 		G14 S3 U6
Hiero Ca2.svg
Tausretmerienmut
(Ta useret meri en courage)
T3 wsr.t mrj n M wt
The Mighty (The rich country),
loved by courage
Greek
for  Manetho
Thuoris, Polybos

Tausret , also Tauseretsetepenmut , was an Egyptian pharaoh in the 19th Dynasty ( New Kingdom ). She ruled from 1193 to 1190/1188 BC. Chr.

family

Queen Tausret was the great royal wife of Seti II and stepmother of King Siptah .

Domination

Tausret as the great royal consort in the temple of Amada

At first it led from 1198 to 1193 BC. The regency ("great princess of the whole country" on the Bilgai stele ) for her underage about 14-year-old stepson Siptah, with the support of the influential official Bay ("great treasurer of the whole country"). King Siptah died in his sixth year of reign. Hartwig Altenmüller has shown that the date for this can be set shortly before the Opet festival in his last year of reign. On the occasion of this festival, Tausret was ceremonially confirmed by the gods in the line of succession. She laid claim to royal dignity and, like Hatshepsut 300 years earlier, assumed the full title of pharaoh.

Tausret added Siptah's years of reign to hers. In her seventh year of reign, the valley festival is held in 1191 BC. Occupied.

End of the reign

In the final years of her reign, the domestic political situation deteriorated and lawlessness and looting were the order of the day. The Harris I papyrus , which is in the British Museum , and a stele from Elephantine also report that the gods no longer received any sacrifices either. Sethnacht , whose origin is unknown, claimed to be chosen by the sun god himself to be king to put an end to the lawlessness. Long-lasting arguments followed. 1190 BC Sethnacht first took over the rule, before he became the 10th Payni (March 11th)  1188 BC. Ruled alone after Tausret's death.

Construction activity

In addition to her grave, only the following buildings could be assigned to her: A temple in the Ramses city and an unfinished mortuary temple, which is located in Thebes-West , between the complexes of Thutmose IV and Merenptahs .

dig

The sarcophagus of Amunherchepeschef intended for Queen Tausret from the tomb of Bay ( KV13 ) in the Luxor Museum

The tomb of Tausret is KV14 in the Valley of the Kings , which has an eventful history: New findings show that her tomb was already laid there under Seti II and not, as previously assumed, in the 2nd year of Siptah's reign. As the reigning queen, she then designed this tomb with the elements of a royal tomb. Sethnacht, the first ruler of the 20th dynasty, removed her mummy from the tomb, had the inscriptions changed and rebuilt the tomb for himself. Hartwig Altenmüller and Nicholas Reeves have doubts that Queen Tausret was actually buried in this tomb .

See also

literature

  • Hartwig Altenmüller : The grave of Queen Tausret (KV 14). In: Göttinger Miscellen . No. 84, 1984, pp. 7-18.
  • Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC). Bannerstone Press, London 2008, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9 , pp. 458-460.
  • Peter A. Clayton: The Pharaohs. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1994, ISBN 3-8289-0661-3 , pp. 45-49.
  • Rosemarie Drenkhahn: An addendum to Tausret. In: Göttinger Miscellen. No. 43, 1981, pp. 19-22.
  • Erik Hornung : The New Kingdom. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 197-217 ( online ).
  • Susanne Martinssen-von Falck: The great pharaohs. From the New Kingdom to the Late Period. Marix, Wiesbaden 2018, ISBN 978-3-7374-1057-1 , pp. 153-162.
  • Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , pp. 286-287.
  • Joyce Tyldesley : The Queens of Ancient Egypt. From the early dynasties to the death of Cleopatra. Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig 2008, ISBN 978-3-7338-0358-2 , pp. 163-166.
  • Richard H. Wilkinson : Tausret. Forgotten Queen and Pharaoh of Egypt. Oxford University Press, Oxford u. a. 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-974011-6 .

Web links

Commons : Tausret  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Africanus and Eusebius identify Thuoris with Homer's Polybos at the time of the Trojan War.
  2. ^ The 10th day of the 2nd month of Schemu corresponds to March 22nd in the proleptic calendar. Source: Turin Royal Papyrus.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Thomas Schneider: Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Düsseldorf 2002, p. 268.
  2. ↑ a b Hermann A. Schlögl : The Old Egypt. History and culture from the early days to Cleopatra. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54988-8 , p. 108.
predecessor Office successor
Siptah Pharaoh of Egypt
19th Dynasty (end) 		Set night
personal data
SURNAME Thaw
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tausret-setepenmut (maiden name); Sitra-meryamun (throne name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION last queen of the 19th dynasty in Egypt
DATE OF BIRTH 13th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 12th century BC Chr.