Thutmose IV.

Name of Thutmose IV.
Head of a statue of Thutmose IV .; State Museum of Egyptian Art , Munich
Throne name	Men-cheperu-Re Mn-ḫprw-Rˁ The manifestations / appearances / shapes of the Re are permanent
Proper name	Djehutimes (Djehuti mes) Ḏḥwtj ms (w) Thot is born Djehutimesiu-chaichau (Djehuti mesiu chai chau) Ḏḥwtj-ms (w) ḫˁj-ḫˁw Thot was born and appeared
Greek for Manetho	Thmosis, thummosis, touthmosis, tuthmosis

Thutmose IV. , Also Djehutimes , was the eighth ancient Egyptian king ( Pharaoh ) of the 18th Dynasty ( New Kingdom ). He ruled from about 1397 to 1388 BC. BC ( Helck : 1388–1379, Krauss: 1400–1390 BC)

Other names

• Horus name : with perfect appearances (varies: loved by Thebes or son of Atum )
• Nebti name : With constant kingship like Atum, or with powerful appearances in all countries
• Gold name : With ample clout that strikes backthe nine bows (Varies: With constant [royalty or similar] like Harachte)
• Throne name : Men-cheperu-Re (The manifestations / appearances / shapes of Re are permanent). This name was chosen to refer to his grandfather Thutmose III. alluding to. His throne name was Men-cheper-Re, which is almost identical in content in ancient Egyptian and almost identical in spelling. The only difference is the spelling of the singular and plural of Cheper and Cheperu.
• Nickname : Created / Chosen by Re, ruler of the Maat

family

• Father: Amenophis II.
• Mother: Tiaa
• Siblings: Amenhotep, Ahmose, Acheper [ka?] Re, Aacheperura, Amenemopet, Chaemwaset, Nedjem, Ubensenu, Jaret
• Sons: Amenemhat, Amenophis III. , Siatum
• Daughters: Tiaa, Amenemopet, Tanetamun, Pyihia

At the beginning of his reign, Thutmose was married to Nefertari, from whom his eldest daughter Tiaa was born. From around the 7th year of his reign he married his sister Jaret for reasons unknown . Mutemwia , who were the successor to the throne Amenophis III , are attested as co- consorts . gave birth, and a Mittan princess.

origin

Pharaoh Thutmose IV was the son of Amenhotep II and Tiaa. With the concubine Mutemwia he had the son Amenophis III.

According to the dream stele , Thutmose IV was the commander of the chariots in Memphis before his accession to the throne . After a lion hunt, he lay tired in the shadow of the great Sphinx of Giza . In a vision , the sun god Re asked him to free the Sphinx from the desert sand. In return he promised him the royal crowns. Shortly after the accession to the throne, Thutmose IV fulfilled the divine request and he erected the dream stele between the paws of the Sphinx, the inscriptions of which tell from his life. The Egyptologist Christine El-Mahdy interprets the dream table in such a way that Re Thutmose promised the reign and that Thutmose freed the Sphinx because he saw himself as the biological son of the sun god (contrary to popular belief, a very unusual idea in ancient Egypt) and only his Duty to his father fulfilled. El-Mahdy sees this as the beginning of a personal relationship between the royal family and a god, which under Amenhotep III. was expanded (stronger veneration of Aten as an image of the sun disk) and reached its climax under Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten).

Domination

Throne and proper name Thutmose IV. (Reading from right to left)

Little is known about Thutmose IV. He took over the government when Egypt was at its height. His grandfather Thutmose III. had extended the borders far into the Middle East - the father Amenophis II also waged wars to secure the borders to Mitanni and the Hittites . In the seventh / eighth year of his reign he carried out the usual punitive expedition to Nubia , and a campaign in the Near East is also documented. After Thutmose IV died on 17th Peret IV (March 6th 1388 BC) , Amenhotep III ascended the throne on 18th Peret IV . who joined the coronation on 27th Schemu II (May 15th) .

Domestic politics

Politically, Thutmose IV proved to be very skilled.

His viziers were Hepu, Ptah-hotep and Ptahmose, and the viceroy of Kush was a man named Amenhotep.

Marriage policy

But under Thutmose IV the Hittites became a threat and Mitanni sought relationships with Egypt. Therefore the pharaoh made a covenant with King Artatama I of Mitanni and married his daughter. However, Mutemwia's identity with this daughter Artatamas is not certain.

The son from this marriage would later be his successor Pharaoh Amenophis III. become. This was a change in tradition, because until now the only legitimate king had become the son of a royal Egyptian woman.

Construction activity

The building activities of Thutmose IV can be traced throughout the empire. In his first year of reign he had the dream stele set up between the feet of the much older Sphinx of Giza and later continued building on the temple of his predecessors in the imperial shrine of Karnak . Like his predecessors, he built his mortuary temple in Qurna and had his grave ( KV43 ) laid in the Valley of the Kings .

Round sculpture

The sculpture of Thutmose IV. Represents a transition in developmental history. While the king type was initially still committed to the ideal of beauty of the early 18th dynasty, Thutmose IV. Sets new accents in his images. In the physiognomy it should be noted that the outer corner of the eye develops from the center (cf. Kairo EM CG 42080) to the upper edge (cf. Kairo EM JE 43611). This tilts the eye axis and creates "cat eyes". His successor Amenhotep III. lets the eye area develop even further with wide eye rims.

dig

Head of the mummy of Thutmose IV, Cairo Egyptian Museum (CG 61073)

The tomb of Thutmose IV was discovered in 1903 by Howard Carter , who at the time was commissioned by Theodore M. Davis . The tomb had already been broken into in the turmoil of the post- Amarna period and restored in the eighth year of the haremhab . The mummy Thutmose IV was found in the grave of his father Amenophis II, KV35 . This grave served as a “mummy hiding place”, where many mummies were brought in the 21st Dynasty to protect them from grave robbers .

The mummy of Thutmose IV is now with the inventory no. CG 61073 in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. She and other mummies had been examined by Grafton Elliot Smith in 1912 .

literature

• Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC). Bannerstone Press, London 2008, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9 , pp. 474-477.
• Betsy M. Bryan : The reign of Thutmose IV. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1991, ISBN 0-8018-4202-6 .
• Peter A. Clayton: The Pharaohs. Weltbild, Augsburg 1998, ISBN 3-8289-0661-3
• Erik Hornung : The New Kingdom. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Vol. 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 197-217 ( online ).
• Susanne Martinssen-von Falck: The great pharaohs. From the New Kingdom to the Late Period. Marix, Wiesbaden 2018, ISBN 978-3-7374-1057-1 , pp. 87-90.
• Nicholas Reeves : The Tomb of Tuthmosis IV: Two questionable Attributions. In: Göttinger Miscellen . (GM) Vol. 44, Göttingen 1981, pp. 49-56.
• Magnus Reisinger: Development of the Egyptian royal sculpture in the early and high 18th dynasty. Agnus, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-00-015864-2
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , pp. 296-297.

Remarks

1. ^ ^{A b c} Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton: The complete royal families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, London / New York 2004, ISBN 978-0-500-05128-3 , pp. 132-133.
2. ↑ Thomas Kühn: Amenhotep III. - kings of kings. In: Kemet issue 4/2003. P. 6.
3. ^ Siegfried Schott: Ancient Egyptian festival dates . Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz / Wiesbaden 1950, p. 94.
4. ↑ Note: around 1350 Mitanni was subjugated by the Hittites.

predecessor	Office	successor
Amenhotep II	Pharaoh of Egypt 18th Dynasty	Amenhotep III