Set night

Name of Sethnacht
Horus name	Ka-nechet-wer-pechti K3-nḫt-wr-pḥtj Strong bull, with great strength
Sideline	Tut-chau-mi-Ta-tenen Twt-ḫˁw-mj-T3-ṯnn With perfect appearances like Tatenen
Gold name	Sechem- chepesch-der- (reki) iuf Sḫm-ḫpš-dr- (rqj) jw = f With mighty clout that overpowers its enemies Chui-pedjet-9-an-em-nesut ḥwj-pḏt-9-ˁn-m (nsjt) Who strikes the nine bows (enemies of Egypt), beautiful in kingship
Throne name	User-chau-Re-setep-en-Re-meri-Amun Wsr-ḫˁw-Rˁ-stp-n-Rˁ-mr.j-Jmn Rich in appearances, a Re , chosen of Re, lover of Amun
Proper name	Sethnachtmereramunre (Seth night merer Amun Re) Sth nḫt mrr Jmn Rˁ Seth is victorious, loved by Amun-Re

Sethnacht , also completely Sethnachtmereramunre († December 17, 1188 BC ), was an ancient Egyptian king ( Pharaoh ) and the founder of the 20th Dynasty ( New Kingdom ). His official reign dates from 1190 BC. BC to 1187 BC Set; as sole ruler from 10th Payni (March 11th)  1188 BC Until 16th Peret III (December 17th)  1188 BC. Chr.

family

His great royal wife was Teje-Mereniset . His most famous son is his successor Ramses III.

Dynastic transition

How the transition from the 19th to the 20th dynasty took place is unclear. According to the Harris I papyrus and a stele from Elephantine , Sethnacht is said to have been chosen as Pharaoh by God Re himself. This form of taking over government makes him appear as a usurper , since he lacked the otherwise traditionally proclaimed recognition as a legitimate successor and kings who were not designated always appealed to the appointment by gods.

Previously there were anomalous conditions in the country , as, for example, ritual sacrifices for the temples were missing and looting took place. He is said to have defeated the country's opponents, who were apparently also supported by parts of his own army. It is unlikely that Chancellor Bay was the mastermind who tried to seize power, as he was executed in the 5th year of Siptah's reign .

Domination

After the death of Tausret , Sethnacht systematically pursued their memory by usurping their grave or possibly his son Ramses III. for him. Work on the grave intended for them was stopped. The memories of Tausret have been erased. In the statue procession of Medinet Habu on the occasion of the Min festival , Sethnacht followed directly on Sethos II. Siptah and Tausret were left out. Vizier during his reign was Hori , and Bakenchons was high priest of Amun .

death

After his death on December 17, 1188 BC. He was born on 26th Schemu I (February 25th)  1187 BC. Buried in the grave of Tausret in the Valley of the Kings ( KV14 ) and in the 21st dynasty apparently reburied in the hiding place of Amenhotep II ( KV35 ).

literature

• Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs, Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC). Bannerstone Press, London 2008, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9 , pp. 407-409.
• Jürgen von Beckerath : Chronology of the pharaonic Egypt. The timing of Egyptian history from prehistoric times to 332 BC BC (= Munich Egyptological Studies (MÄS), Vol. 46 ). von Zabern , Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-2310-7 .
• Rolf Gundlach: 4th Egyptological Temple Conference, Cologne, October 10th - 12th, 1996 - Celebrations in the temple. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1998, ISBN 3-447-04067-X .
• Erik Hornung : The New Kingdom. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 197-217 ( online ).
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , p. 270.

Web links

Commons : Sethnacht  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

1. ^ The 10th day of the 2nd month of Schemu corresponds to March 22nd in the proleptic calendar. Source: Turin Royal Papyrus.

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Siegfried Schott: Ancient Egyptian festival dates . Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz / Wiesbaden 1950, p. 67.
2. ^ Pierre Grandet: L'exécution du chancelier Bay O. IFAO 1864. In: Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale. (BIFAO) No. 100, Cairo 2000, pp. 339–345 ( online ( memento of the original from February 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ). 

predecessor	Office	successor
Thaw	Pharaoh of Egypt 20th Dynasty (beginning)	Ramses III.