The process developed by the Norwegian company Kværner completely separates hydrocarbons in a plasma torch at 1600 ° C into activated carbon (pure carbon) and hydrogen.
In pyrolysis, hydrogen is generated through a thermo-chemical breakdown of organic compounds. In contrast to gasification and combustion , this takes place exclusively under the influence of heat and without additional oxygen.
In the case of chlor-alkali electrolysis , hydrogen and chlorine are produced as by-products of the manufacture of caustic soda and potassium hydroxide in the chemical industry
The direct splitting of water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen takes place above a temperature of 1,700 ° C. This process is interesting in connection with solar tower power plants .
During the photobiological production of hydrogen, algae absorb sunlight. By influencing the photosynthesis they operate , water is split into hydrogen and oxygen.
Hydrogen is stored in plastic containers under high pressure (up to 800 bar). Light weight, well suited for small quantities. Use e.g. B. for vehicle tanks
Hydrogen is liquefied (LH2) and stored under ambient pressure at low temperatures (boiling point −252.8 ° C, 20.4 K). Well suited for large quantities. Use e.g. B. for hydrogen filling stations
Public hydrogen filling stations are mostly affiliated with fossil fuel filling stations. Depending on regional needs, they sell liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) or pressurized hydrogen ( GH 2 350 bar or 700 bar). The network of hydrogen filling stations in Germany is being expanded.
In addition to hydrogen, it can also be operated directly with natural gas, biogas or propane gas. Use for power generation and in combined heat and power plants. Can also be operated with a downstream turbine due to the high output temperatures in thermal power stations.
