List of Hanseatic envoys in the United States
List of the joint envoys of the three free Hanseatic cities of Lübeck , Bremen and Hamburg in the United States .
history
From the middle of the 17th century, the Hanseatic cities of Bremen and Hamburg developed into real international hubs for transatlantic and intra-European trade with the Thirteen Colonies (1607–1776). The real impetus for diplomatic relations between the three Hanseatic cities and the colonies striving for independence came from two Scots who met in Hamburg and committed to the " American cause " at the beginning of the American War of Independence (1775–1783) . John Parish , a naturalized Hamburg merchant, and John Ross , an American patriot and functionary of the " Thirteen States " sent to Paris, Amsterdam and Hamburg for the purpose of war supplies and financing, repeatedly made it through the import and export controls of the British envoy Emanuel Matthias, who is based in Hamburg to bypass and thus to influence the course of the war in favor of the USA until the Peace of Paris (1783). After the ratification of the United States Constitution and the swearing-in of George Washington as first President in 1789, Parish became the first Consul of the United States in the Hanseatic cities in 1790 and Ross became the first Hanseatic Consul General in the United States four years later.
The Hanseatic mission was initially in Philadelphia , as the American government was also based there at the time. With the conclusion of a bilateral friendship, trade and shipping treaty between the Hanseatic cities and the United States (1827), the mission was upgraded to a ministerial residency ( legation ). From 1868 the three city-states were finally represented by Friedrich von Gerolt , Minister- Resident of the North German Confederation .
Heads of mission
Hanseatic Consuls General in the United States
- 1794: Establishment of consular relations
- 1811 to 1814: Interruption of relations as a result of the French annexation of the Hanseatic cities
- 1817–1822: Carl Nicolaus Buck (* 1775; † not specified)
- 1822–1827: Christian Ludwig Krumbhaar (* 1777; † 1836)
Hanseatic Envoys to the United States
- 1827: Establishment of diplomatic relations
| Years | Surname | Life dates | Remarks | portrait |
| 1827-1828 | Vincent Rumpff | * Dec 10, 1789; † Feb. 13, 1867 | Joint Plenipotentiary Minister of the Hanseatic Cities with a mission to negotiate and conclude a number of treaties with the US government; Before that, envoy in Austria , then envoy in France | |
| 1828-1862 | vacant | - | ||
| 1862-1864 | Rudolf Schleiden | * Jul 22, 1815; † Feb. 25, 1895 | then envoy to the United Kingdom |
 |
| 1864-1868 | Johannes Rösing | * May 5, 1833; † Apr. 8, 1909 | from 1871: first German consul general in New York (today plus: permanent representative to the United Nations) |
- 1868: Dissolution of the legation (from 1871 representation by the German Reich )
In addition to the Consulate General in Philadelphia (PA) and the embassy in Washington (DC), there were also Hanseatic, Bremen or Hamburg consulates in Alexandria (VA), Baltimore (MD), Boston (MA), Charleston (SC), Galveston ( TX), Indianola (TX), Mobile (AL), New Orleans (LA), New York (NY), Richmond (VA) and San Francisco (CA), with the Lübeck consulate in Galveston as early as 1844, still at the time of the independent Republic of Texas , was established.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Claudia Schnurmann: His Father's Favored Son: David Parish (1778-1826) (English). Immigrant Entrepreneurship, cooperation project between the German Historical Institute (DHI), Washington, DC and the University of Hamburg , Hamburg 2011. Retrieved on June 26, 2016
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↑ The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series , Vol. 16, May 1– September 30, 1794. University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville 2011, p. 698. Retrieved June 26, 2016
“ Sir,
The increase of the Trade and Navigation of our City to and with the United States of America chiefly promoted since some years by Mr John Ross of Philadelphia and your Excellency's condescendent offer made in the Commission granted last year to Mr John Parish Our Citizen as Consul of the United States for this Port to accept of any proper person in the same quality that should be recommended, by us to your Excellency in the like manner, have moved us to appoint the said Mr John Ross Consul general of Hamburgh for the United States of America and to grant him Letters Patent thereof.
We therefore recommend this our Consul General to your Excellency's kind reception and at the same time us and our City to the continuance of your affectious favor wishing, the mercantile Connexions between the Illustrious Republic of America so highly esteemed by us, and our good City undoubtedly tending to mutual advantage may in course of such nomination be still more countenanced and augmented. We are happy in embracing this opportunity to shew to one of the first and most eminent Statesmen and Heroes of our Age the greatness of the Devotion, we bear to Him and with which, we remain unalterably Your Excellency's most humble and most devoted. ”- Mayor and Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg to President George Washington : Hamburg, September 22, 1794, In: Founders Online, National Archives , Washington, DC - ↑ a b c A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations: Hanseatic Republics ( English ) US Department of State , Washington, DC. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
- ^ A b c d e f Johann Martin Lappenberg : Journal of the Association for Hamburg History . Volume 3, Association for Hamburg History , Hamburg 1851, p. 511 ff.
- ↑ Text of the treaty in Diplomatic Archives for Contemporary and State History , Volume 18, Cotta 1829, p. 251 ff.
- ^ Government, parliament, general and internal state administration. (PDF; 1.7 MB) State Archives of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (StA H), Hamburg, p. 49 f. , accessed November 16, 2013 .