List of forts in Africa
The list of fortresses in Africa includes castles , fortified palaces and other fortifications in alphabetical order according to African countries. The list is necessarily incomplete. The number of fortresses built by European powers on the coast of present-day Ghana between 1482 and 1784 varies between 60 and 80, depending on the estimate. Many traditional fortifications in tropical Africa, on the other hand, have disappeared today due to the materials used and are hardly detectable. Stone fortresses like Greater Zimbabwe have been the exception here.
Angola
- Fort Naulila , Cunene Province
- Fort Cuangar , Cunene Province
- Forte de Ambaca
- Fortaleza do Amboim
- Fortaleza do Bembe
- Fortaleza de Cabinda
- Fortaleza de Caconda
- Fortaleza do Calulo
- Forte do Chipindo
- Forte de Dilolo
- Muralhas do Eleu
- Forte da Embala da Kissala
- Fortaleza Fortes Roçadas
- Forte da Huíla
- Fortaleza de Kambambe
- Fortaleza de Kangalongue
- Fortaleza do Kapangombe
- Muralha do Kariango
- Fortaleza da Kibala
- Fortim do Kikombo
- Fortaleza do Libolo
- Fortim de Maquela
- Forte de Massangano
- Forte Muene Vunongue
- Forte de Munhango
- Fortaleza da Muxima
- Forte de N'Harea
- Muralhas de Ossi
- Fortaleza de Pungo-Andongo
- Muralhas de Quipungo
- Fortaleza de Sao Fernando de Namibe
- Forte de Sao Francisco do Penedo
- Forte de Sao José do Encoje
- São Miguel Fortress of Luanda
- Fortaleza de Sao Pedro da Barra de Luanda
- Reduto de Sao Pedro de Catumbela
- Fortaleza do Seles
- Forte de Silva Porto
Egypt
- Bilbeis
- Buhen (c.1860 v. Chr.)
- Fort des Merenptah in Tjeku
- Migdol des Ramses III.
- Sile
- Tell Abqain
- Cairo Citadel (12th century)
- Kait Bay Citadel (15th century)
- Citadel of Alexandria : Citadel of Qaitbay
- former fort of el-Arish
- see also Egyptian border fortresses in Nubia
Ethiopia
- Fasil Ghebbi , Gondar (17th century)
- Ambassel (fortress)
Benin
Burkina Faso
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Cape Verde
Kenya
In Mombasa :
- Fort Jesus , Mombasa (1593-)
- Forte de Sao José
- Forte do Campo de Golfe
- Forte da Ferradura
- Forte de Makupa
- Fortim da Ponta Restinga
- Forte do Surgidouro
Liberia
Libya
- El Tag , Kufra Oasis (mid-1930s)
- Citadel of Ghat
- Fort Capuzzo
- Tobruk fortifications (around 1940)
Madagascar
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
- Fort São Caetano , Sofala (1505)
- Fortim de Dona Amélia de Massangano
- Fortaleza de Maputo
- Forte de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Inhambane
- Fortim de Quelimane
- Fortim de Santo Antonio na Ilha de Moçambique
- Fortim de São Lourenço da Ilha de Moçambique
- Forte de Sao Tiago Maior do Tete
- São João Batista do Ibo , on the island of Ibo
- Santo António do Ibo , on the island of Ibo
- São José do Ibo , on the island of Ibo
- São Sebastião (1558–1608)
- Massangano
Namibia
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Sudan
- see partly also Egyptian border fortresses in Nubia
South Africa
- Fort Beaufort , Eastern Cape (1822–1837)
- Castle On the Cliff
- Fort Durnford , Estcourt (KwaZulu-Natal) (1847)
- Flycatcher Castle , Graskop
- Castle of Good Hope , Cape Town (1666)
- Fort Daspoortrand , Pretoria
- Greylingstad , Mpumalanga ( ca.1900 )
- Fort Hare , Alice (Eastern Cape) (19th century)
- Fort Klapperkop , Pretoria
- Fort Schanskop , Pretoria
- Knoetzie Castles
- Craighross Castle , Noetzie
- Lindsay Castle , Noetzie
- Castle Kyalami , Gauteng (1990s)
- Fort Mistake , Glencoe (KwaZulu-Natal)
- Ohrigstad , Mpumalanga
- Fort Wonderboompoort , Pretoria
- Witkop Blockhouse
Tanzania
- Mwanza , Fort Muansa, German colonial base
- Ngome Kongwe (Old Fort), Stone Town , Zanzibar (ca.1700)
Tunisia
Zimbabwe
- Fort Victoria (Masvingo)
- Great Zimbabwe (11th-15th centuries)