Lomatium dissectum

Lomatium dissectum
	Lomatium dissectum
Systematics
Order :	Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family :	Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily :	Apioideae
Tribe :	Apieae
Genre :	Lomatium
Type :	Lomatium dissectum
Scientific name
	Lomatium dissectum
	( Nutt. Ex Torr. & A. Gray ) Mathias & Constance

Lomatium dissectum is a species of the genus Lomatium within the umbelliferae family(Apiaceae). It is in western North America used and is there English Fern Leaf biscuitroot, Desert Parsley, Fernleaf Desert-parsley, Giant lomatium called.

description

Pinnate foliage

Double-gold inflorescence

Infructescence with unripe fruits

Vegetative characteristics

Lomatium dissectum is one of the two Lomatium species with the greatest height, which is 30 to 140 or rarely 150 centimeters. It grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . As a permanent organ, it forms a relatively thick, stocky taproot . The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy or hairy or rough.

Mainly undergraduate and few alternate arranged on the stem leaves are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 3 to 30 inches long. The three-part pinnate leaf blade has a length of 15 to 30 centimeters and a width of 15 to 35 centimeters and a triangular to round outline. Their leaf segments are linear-elongated with a length of 2 to 8 millimeters and a width of 1.5 to mostly 2 to 3 millimeters.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period in western North America extends from May to July. The blue-green inflorescence stem is 15 to 60 centimeters long. The bare, double-golden inflorescence consists of 10 to 30 spreading dold-like partial inflorescences (some always sterile). The rays are 3 to 10 inches long. There are several linear bracts . Each partial inflorescence contains 50 to 200 male or hermaphrodite flowers. Occasionally all-male umbels are found.

The petals are rarely yellow to purple, usually chestnut-red.

The fruit stalks of fertile fruits are 1 to 3 millimeters long. With a length of 8 to 16 millimeters and a width of 4.5 to, usually 5 to 10 millimeters, the bald double achene is oblong-egg-shaped to elliptical. They are surrounded by thick wings about 1 millimeter wide, which are thickened. The dorsal ribs that are often present in the genus Lomatium are inconspicuous, and oil ducts are barely visible. About 99,000 fruits have a mass of one kilogram.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

ecology

The taproot makes them insensitive to drought.

The spread of the diaspores , in this case the parts of the double ache, is caused by the wind.

Systematics

It was first described in 1840 under the name ( Basionym ) Leptotaenia dissecta by Thomas Nuttall in John Torrey and Asa Gray: A Flora of North America: containing ... , Volume 1, Issue 4, page 630. The new combination to Lomatium dissectum (Nutt .) Mathias & Constance was published in 1942 by Mildred Esther Mathias and Lincoln Constance in Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , Volume 69, Issue 3, page 246.

From Lomatium dissectum two varieties have been described. But since 2017 has Lomatium multifidum (Nutt.) RPMcNeill & Darrach (Syn .: Lomatium dissectum var. Multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance , Leptotaenia multifida Nutt. , Leptotaenia dissecta var. Multifida (Nutt.) Jepson , Ferula multifida (Nutt .) Gray ) the rank of a species (English-language common names are carrot-leaf biscuitroot, carrot-leaf Indian-root). Since the scope of the species has changed with the separation of the variety, the distribution area has also decreased, so older information than 2017 can no longer be used for this. The two species Lomatium dissectum and Lomatium multifidum differ morphologically, particularly in terms of their flower color and timing of fruit development. The two species Lomatium dissectum and Lomatium multifidum have only small areas of overlap of their areas and there all individuals are clearly distinguishable, there seem to be no hybrids.

Occurrence and endangerment

The distribution area of Lomatium dissectum is in western North America . For Lomatium dissectum s. st. As of 2017, the distribution area is only the western Canadian province of British Columbia and the western US states of Idaho , Oregon , Washington and California .

Wild locations of Lomatium dissectum are deep, medium soils on wooded or bushy slopes at altitudes of 500 to 2000 meters. Grazing and fires are also survived. Smaller populations can be sensitive to overgrazing, but overall the populations are tolerant of being eaten by wild animals.

use

Lomatium dissectum is used as a medicinal plant, especially for colds. The North American indigenous peoples already used parts of plants as traditional remedies for colds and other diseases. The underground parts of the plant were used to heal digestive complaints .

An extract from the root of Lomatium dissectum completely prevents the cell-damaging properties of rotaviruses . An antibiotic effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium has also been demonstrated.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Lomatium dissectum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved September 27, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Lincoln Constance, Margriet Wetherwax 2017: Datasheet - Lomatium dissectum , in Jepson Flora Project (ed.): Jepson eFlora , Revision 5.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Lomatium - Lomatium dissectum . United Plant Savers. Accessed on September 23, 2019. - Scope with the variety, which has been a separate species since 2017, therefore only partially usable for the species in the narrower sense.
^ Lomatium dissectum . In: Plant Database . Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in Austin, Texas. July 16, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Lomatium dissectum var. Dissectum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
^ Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance . Retrieved September 23, 2019. In: Integrated Taxonomic Information System = ITIS.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Walter Siegmund: Lomatium dissectum fern-leaved desert parsley . In: Burke Herbarium Image Collection . Retrieved September 23, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e FERNLEAF BISCUITROOT Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance . In: USDA Plant Guide . Unites States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
^ JN Thompson: Coping with multiple enemies: 10 years of attack on Lomatium dissectum plants . In: Ecology . 79, No. 7, 1998, pp. 2550-2554.
^ Lomatium dissectum var. Dissectum . 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2010. USDA - The PLANTS Database from the National Plant Data Center , Baton Rouge, LA.
^ Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance . In: E-Flora BC . Retrieved September 21, 2019.
^ ^A ^b Mary Ann E. Feist, James F. Smith, Donald H. Mansfield, Mark E. Darrach, Richard McNeill, Stephen R. Downie, Gregory M. Plunkett, Barbara Wilson: New combinations in Lomatium (Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae) . In: Phytotaxa , Volume 316, Issue 1, August 2017, pp. 95–98. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.316.1.11
↑ Lomatium dissectum var. Multifidum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
^ Lomatium Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients . Herbpathy. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
^ Lomatium dissectum . In: Native American Ethnobotany DB . Retrieved September 23, 2019.
^ AR McCutcheon, TE Roberts, E. Gibbons, SM Ellis, LA Babiuk, REW Hancock, GHN Towers: Antiviral screening of British Columbian medicinal plants . In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . 49, No. 2, 1995, pp. 101-110. doi : 10.1016 / 0378-8741 (95) 90037-3 .
^ AR McCutcheon, WR Stokes, LM Thorson, SM Ellis, REW Hancock, GHN Towers: Anti-mycobacterial screening of British Columbian medicinal plants . In: International Journal of Pharmacognosy . 35, No. 2, 1997, pp. 77-83. doi : 10.1076 / phbi.35.2.77.13284 .

Web links

Commons : Lomatium dissectum - collection of images, videos and audio files

[Tropicos-1] Lomatium dissectum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved September 27, 2019.

[Jepson_eFlora-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Lincoln Constance, Margriet Wetherwax 2017: Datasheet - Lomatium dissectum , in Jepson Flora Project (ed.): Jepson eFlora , Revision 5.

[UnitedPlantSavers-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Lomatium - Lomatium dissectum . United Plant Savers. Accessed on September 23, 2019. - Scope with the variety, which has been a separate species since 2017, therefore only partially usable for the species in the narrower sense.

[LadyBirdJohnsonWildflowerCenter-4] Lomatium dissectum . In: Plant Database . Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in Austin, Texas. July 16, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2019.

[GRIN-5] Lomatium dissectum var. Dissectum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 29, 2019.

[ITIS-6] Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance . Retrieved September 23, 2019. In: Integrated Taxonomic Information System = ITIS.

[BurkeHerbariumImageCollection-7] Walter Siegmund: Lomatium dissectum fern-leaved desert parsley . In: Burke Herbarium Image Collection . Retrieved September 23, 2019.

[USDA_PlantGuide-8] FERNLEAF BISCUITROOT Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance . In: USDA Plant Guide . Unites States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2019.

[Thompson1998-9] JN Thompson: Coping with multiple enemies: 10 years of attack on Lomatium dissectum plants . In: Ecology . 79, No. 7, 1998, pp. 2550-2554.

[USDA-10] Lomatium dissectum var. Dissectum . 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2010. USDA - The PLANTS Database from the National Plant Data Center , Baton Rouge, LA.

[E-FloraBC-11] Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance . In: E-Flora BC . Retrieved September 21, 2019.

[Feist2017-12] A ^b Mary Ann E. Feist, James F. Smith, Donald H. Mansfield, Mark E. Darrach, Richard McNeill, Stephen R. Downie, Gregory M. Plunkett, Barbara Wilson: New combinations in Lomatium (Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae) . In: Phytotaxa , Volume 316, Issue 1, August 2017, pp. 95–98. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.316.1.11

[GRINmultifidum-13] Lomatium dissectum var. Multifidum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 29, 2019.

[Herbpathy-14] Lomatium Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients . Herbpathy. Retrieved September 23, 2019.

[NativeAmericanEthnobotanyDb-15] Lomatium dissectum . In: Native American Ethnobotany DB . Retrieved September 23, 2019.

[McCutcheon1995-16] AR McCutcheon, TE Roberts, E. Gibbons, SM Ellis, LA Babiuk, REW Hancock, GHN Towers: Antiviral screening of British Columbian medicinal plants . In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . 49, No. 2, 1995, pp. 101-110. doi : 10.1016 / 0378-8741 (95) 90037-3 .

[McCutcheon1997-17] AR McCutcheon, WR Stokes, LM Thorson, SM Ellis, REW Hancock, GHN Towers: Anti-mycobacterial screening of British Columbian medicinal plants . In: International Journal of Pharmacognosy . 35, No. 2, 1997, pp. 77-83. doi : 10.1076 / phbi.35.2.77.13284 .