Plumb line on the jade
The history of piloting on the Jade begins in the early 18th century. It was initially carried out on behalf of the Oldenburg princes by small, locally responsible pilot associations. In the course of the establishment of the Wilhelmshaven naval base , the Prussian Navy - later the Imperial Navy - was responsible for the pilotage. Thus, the soldering on the Jade was guaranteed by the military until the 1920s. Nowadays the Lotsenbrüderschaft Weser II / Jade is responsible for this.
The early plumbing on the jade
The history of the pilotage on the Jade and the sea areas in front of it goes back to the first half of the 18th century and is strongly interwoven with the history of the pilotage on the Weser . In 1761 pilots from Tettens received the privilege of piloting in the Oldenburg sea areas from the Danish governor in Oldenburg. For this privilege, they agreed to pay ten percent of their wages to the sovereign. Initially, the pilots, who were working on behalf of the Oldenburg princes, only wore a badge to identify their responsibility (embossed: "Gr: Herz: Oldenb: Lootse"). In 1794 they were then uniformly uniformed with a blue coat with red lapels and gold buttons.
At the turn of the century there were three Oldenburg pilot brotherhoods. From 1802 the Fedderwarder - Burhaver -Tettenser Lotsgesellschaft was responsible for piloting the Weser . Pilots who were previously stationed in Tettens, but moved to Blexen because of the better waterway in front of Wursten , founded the Blexer Pilot Brotherhood there, which was responsible for piloting the Jade. The pilotage fee to be paid by the ship's owners and masters for this purpose was laid down in the Oldenburg Pilotage Regulations of August 15, 1803 . An excellent, detailed map of the jade has also come down to us from this period from the Oldenburg chief pilot and cartographer CA Behrends. During the Napoleonic Wars , piloting on the Jade was of particular importance for a short time, as the merchants of Bremen were transhipped via the Jade ports when English fleets blocked the Weser, which happened several times between 1789 and 1806.
Jade pilots in the 19th century
In 1803, a new pilotage ordinance arranged the Weserlotsen in two companies: the Fedderwarder Lotsen on the Butjadingen peninsula, who received the privilege of piloting on the Jade, and the Blexener Lotsen, who were responsible for the Weser. Under the direction of their chief pilot, Captain Boye Andresen, the Fedderwarder pilots then laid out buoys to mark the fairway on the Jade and set up beacons . At the same time, a quay was built in Eckwarden and several Fedderwarder pilots moved there. This year, the Jade ports were called by 50 seagoing vessels, which now had to pay a "ton fee" levied by Oldenburg. In the following year, 135 seagoing ships called the Jade, a number that steadily increased in the following years. When the fairway near Fedderwardersiel slowly silted up in the second half of the 19th century, the Fedderwarder pilots moved from there to Blexen . From then on, the Oldenburg pilots there competed with the Bremen pilots for business on the Weser . On the Jade, the situation had gradually changed due to the Prussian investments in a new naval base .
Naval pilots
With the acquisition of a large area on the western bank of the Jade by Prussia as part of the Jade Treaty and the subsequent establishment of Wilhelmshaven , responsibility for essential parts of the piloting on the Jade was transferred to the service area of the Navy. The Royal Prussian Barsemeisterei laid from 1855 to 1862 from several fairway buoys in the jade. A naval map from 1858 shows thirty such buoys. The Royal Prussian Lotsenkommando an der Jade , founded in 1862, was renamed the Imperial Lotsenkommando an der Jade in the course of the coronation of the Prussian king as Emperor Wilhelm I. The jade pilots were subordinate to the naval station of the North Sea and were responsible for piloting the naval ships on the jade and in the German Bight as well as for the maintenance and expansion of the signal buoys and the surveying of the sea area. Over the years, the piloting area of the Imperial Pilot Command on the Jade was steadily expanded until, in addition to piloting all shipping traffic on the Jade, finally also piloting naval ships to Helgoland and on the Elbe up to Hamburg and on the Weser to Nordenham included. After the completion of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal , so-called jade pilot pilots were trained in the event that the naval forces could now move quickly to the Baltic Sea . For this purpose, the pilots working in the North Sea areas were approached and - initially on a voluntary basis, later mandatory - trained in a ten-week course. The Jade Auxiliary Pilots were drafted when the First World War broke out. In the course of the war, the authority was renamed to Marinelotsenkommando in 1917 and the Jadelotsen were now officially referred to as "Marinelotsen". After the end of the war, the authority was greatly reduced until 1920. The pilot association Wilhelmshaven had already been founded in the previous year and became a founding member of the German pilot association.
Plumbing on the Jade today
Shipping traffic on the Jade essentially came to a standstill after the end of the war. As a result of the decisions of the Foreign Ministers' Conference in Moscow on January 6, 1946, between 1947 and 1949, the naval facilities were dismantled and the command of the naval pilots was dissolved. With the passage of the Sea Pilot Act in 1954, the two pilots brotherhoods of the Weser pilots , the pilots brotherhood Weser I and the pilots brotherhood Weser II came into being. In 1958 Hans Christoph Seebohm , the then Federal Minister for Transport, commissioned the pilots brotherhood Weser II with the tasks of piloting on the Jade , since then the Lotsenbrüderschaft has been called Lotsenbrüderschaft Weser II / Jade .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b History of the Weser pilotage system on the website of the Lotsenbrüderschaft Weser II / Jade , accessed on October 16, 2016.
- ↑ a b Section “Historical” on the website of the Lotsenbrüderschaft Weser I , accessed on June 14, 2016.
literature
- Günther Spelde: History of the pilot brotherhood on the Outer Weser and on the Jade. 3. Edition. Verlag HM Hauschild, Bremen 1996, ISBN 3-931785-06-8 .