Ludwig Perlitius

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ludwig Perlitius

Ludwig Perlitius (born August 5, 1872 in Bralin , Silesia , † November 16, 1938 in Glatz ) was a German agricultural scientist and politician ( center ). Perlitius was a member of the Reichstag from 1924 to 1933 and served as parliamentary group leader of his party from 1931 to 1933 .

Live and act

education and profession

Perlitius father Johannes Perlitius was a district inspector, the mother Franziska was the daughter of an arable citizen . He attended a grammar school in Breslau . Between 1894 and 1897 he studied Catholic theology and philosophy at the University of Breslau . He then studied agricultural science and economics until 1900 . He heard from Otto Auhagen , Oscar Brefeld , Ferdinand Pax , Werner Sombart and Julius Wolf , among others .

He then worked for three years on a manor. There he wrote his dissertation on the subject of the influence of vegetation on the water evaporation of the ears and the grain quality . He presented this in 1903 and received his doctorate with it. phil. After passing the state examination, he first worked as a substitute teacher at the agricultural school in Herford . A short time later he was an agriculture teacher in Tarnowitz. From 1906 he was a hiking teacher for agriculture and director of the agricultural winter school in Glatz. In 1914 he was made a permanent official. He initially took part in the First World War as a soldier. Between 1917 and 1919 he was department head of the Wroclaw War Economics Office. After the war, Perlitius returned to agricultural education and was appointed to the Agriculture Council in 1927.

Politics during the Republic

In May 1924, Perlitius was elected to the Reichstag as the center's candidate for constituency 7 (Breslau), to which he was a member until November 1933.

Perlitius was chairman of the trade policy committee. In 1925 he played a decisive role in the success of the intergroup negotiations on the customs law, which is central to economic policy.

At the end of 1927, Perlitius was elected second deputy chairman of the Reichstag parliamentary group. In 1928 he was also elected a member of the Reich Board and the Executive Board of the Center.

From the beginning he was skeptical of the “ Cabinet of Personalities ” under Hermann Müller . Shortly after the formation of the new government, he described the new political order as an “emergency solution”. Perlitius played an important role in shaping the government into a regular coalition government. He was involved in the withdrawal of Theodor von Guérard and thus of the center from the government in order to enforce a larger number of ministers. The grand coalition could only be formed through the concession of the other parties .

With the appointment of the previous parliamentary group chairman Heinrich Brüning as Reich Chancellor, he took over the leadership of the parliamentary group together with the first deputy parliamentary group chairman. In 1931 Perlitius was entrusted with the office of parliamentary group leader of his party in the Reichstag. In the years that followed, Perlitius reliably supported Brüning's policy. After the end of the Chancellorship of Brüning, Perlitius and the party chairman Ludwig Kaas advocated integrating the NSDAP into government responsibility. He hoped that the NSDAP would be disenchanted.

Beginning of the National Socialist rule

On January 31, 1933, Perlitius was one of the center leaders with whom Adolf Hitler , who had been appointed Chancellor the day before, negotiated about the center's participation in his government of "National Concentration". Since the Hitler government did not yet have a majority of the mandates in the Reichstag at that time, it either had to achieve a parliamentary expansion of the government (parliamentary government) or rely on the support of the Reich President in the form of emergency ordinances ( presidential cabinet ) or a majority of mandates win new elections. Since Hitler wanted new elections, he deliberately let negotiations with Perlitius and his colleagues fail. Based on the proven "impossibility" of achieving a majority of parliamentary mandates under the existing composition of the Reichstag by expanding the government coalition, he was now able to induce the Reich President von Hindenburg to give him the hoped-for authorization to dissolve the Reichstag and to call new elections .

The new elections - in which only the NSDAP was allowed to campaign - resulted in a majority for the government. Perlitius party suffered heavy losses even if he was able to move into parliament again, to which he belonged until November of that year - after the dissolution of his party by the National Socialists in the early summer of 1933, however, as a non-party member of the "Reichsliste".

He was hardly involved in the negotiations between the center and the NSDAP about the approval of the Enabling Act and thus the deprivation of power of parliament. The same applies to the self-dissolution of the center in July 1933.

Last years

Perlitius was one of the first central politicians to be dismissed as civil servants by the new regime. He was temporarily suspended at the end of April and finally released in November of the same year. The Central Committee of German Catholics , to which he belonged, distanced itself from Perlitius. Perlitius was monitored by the Gestapo because of the alleged support for anti-Nazi propaganda from abroad .

After leaving politics, Perlitius withdrew into private life, although he corresponded with Brüning, who was now in exile, until his death in 1938. Today Perlitius, about whom Rudolf Morsey judged that he was a “colorless” figure even in his time as a top politician, is a largely forgotten man.

Fonts

  • The influence of the vegetation on the water evaporation of the ears and the grain quality. (Observations on correlation phenomena on some wheat and barley varieties in 1901.) , Merseburg 1903.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Life data according to: Ernst Rudolf Huber: Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte. Reform and Restoration , 1990, p. 1789.
  2. ^ Heinrich August Winkler : Workers and Labor Movement in the Weimar Republic. The appearance of normality. 1924-1930 . Dietz, Berlin / Bonn 1985. ISBN 3-8012-0094-9 , p. 540.
  3. ↑ Winkler, Schein der Normalität , pp. 475f.
  4. ↑ Jürgen Heideking, Gerhard Schulz: Paths in contemporary history. Festschrift for the 65th birthday of Gerhard Schulz , 1989, p. 61.
  5. ^ Rudolf Morsey: Der Untergang des Politischen Katholizismus , 1977, p. 36. Literally the "colorless parliamentary group leader Perlitius".
personal data
SURNAME Perlitius, Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German agronomist and politician (center), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH August 5, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Bralin , Silesia
DATE OF DEATH November 16, 1938
Place of death Bald