Ludwig Simon (politician, 1819)

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Ludwig Simon

Ludwig (Gerhard Gustav) Simon (also known as Simon von Trier ) (born February 20, 1819 in Saarlouis ; † February 2, 1872 in Montreux , Switzerland ) was a revolutionary in 1848/49 and a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly .

Life

Ludwig Simon was the son of Thomas Simon and Susanna Auguste Walther. In 1836 he earned his Abitur at the Trier grammar school . From 1836 to 1839 he studied law and camera science at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn . He was a member of the Ruländer Bonn fraternity (1837) and a founding member of the Corps Palatia Bonn (1838). In 1839/40 he did his military service in Trier and then entered the Prussian civil service as a regional court trainee. From 1848 he was a lawyer in Trier. In 1845 he became a lieutenant in the Prussian Landwehr .

As a trainee lawyer, he probably already belonged to a group of oppositional lawyers in the vicinity of the Trier Regional Court, but little is known about this as these activities necessarily had to take place in secret. Ludwig Simon himself later reported that his mentor was above all State Procurator Joseph Schornbaum , who was later put into early retirement due to opposition attitudes. From 1848 onwards, Simon became more politically active, among other things as the author of the Trier protest address , delegate in the Fifties Committee and member of the Trier vigilante .

From May 18, 1848 until the end of the rump parliament on June 18, 1849 he represented Trier in the Frankfurt National Assembly ( Donnersberg faction ). From June 8th he was a member of the committee of fifteen set up by the rump parliament to enforce the imperial constitution and held the function of the imperial commissioner of the imperial government in the Black Forest during the Baden uprising .

In September 1848 he had already participated in the Frankfurt uprising ; however, the National Assembly refused the proposed waiver of his immunity .

After the suppression of the Baden Revolution, he fled to Switzerland in July 1849.

Due to his membership in the rump parliament, the Assize Court of Trier, chaired by Karl Hermann Zweiffel, imposed the death penalty on January 7, 1851 for alleged high treason (participation in the rump parliament) and for desertion (failure to comply with the convocation) in the absence of the defendant. His family had to pay the legal fees. The judgment was carried out symbolically on January 16, 1851 on the main market in Trier: Simon's name and the text of the judgment were attached to a stake by the executioner , how little the population could be dissuaded from their veneration for Simon was shown by the fact that one was at night secretly decorated the nameplate with roses. In 1861 the Prussian government refused his pardon , referring to the desertion as an officer , Ludwig Simon should have appealed to the mercy of the Prussian king, which he refused all his life. In 1855 Simon had published his memoirs in two volumes and went to Paris, where he got a job in a bank. He later went into business for himself with his own small bank and made a certain fortune.

Also in 1855 he anonymously published a collection of speeches and sayings by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. In which, without falsifying or shortening them, he made their sometimes very little meaning and considerable contradictions visible through clever arrangement and emphasis.

On March 16, 1870, he married Marie Schmidlin, thirty years his junior, in Menton. Before the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War , Ludwig Simon had to leave Paris because he feared internment by the French or, if the city was captured by German troops, his arrest. The Simon couple settled in Montreux, where their daughter Friederike was born on July 23, 1871.

On February 2, 1872, Ludwig Simon died of a stomach disease that had almost led to death during his time in exile. Shortly before, he wrote to Carl Vogt : “I do not feel so much Bismarckian putrefaction in myself that I want to remain silent about everything that is going on. If we have fought for freedom and unity all our lives, and if they have made unity without freedom, then we want to shout in their ears for freedom until they finally hear or their eardrums burst. Hopefully others will come and help us scream before we get hoarse. "

In his hometown Trier a street was named after im in 1958 and a secondary school in 1973.

Works

  • Speech by the delegate Simon von Trier about the postponement and postponement of the Prussian National Assembly (119th session on November 20, 1848) . Frankfurt a. O., printed by FW Koscky 1848. Digitized
  • A word of justice for all constitutional fighters. To the German jury . Rütten, Frankfurt am Main 1849. Digitized
  • To the criticism of the German parliament and its criticism . In: German monthly for politics, science, art and life . Edited by Adolf Kolatschek . Hoffmann, Stuttgart 1850, No. 3, pp. 443-476 and No. 4, pp. 78-103. Part I digitized final Part I digitized
  • General suffrage and the workers' dictatorship . In: German monthly for politics, science, art and life . Edited by Adolf Kolatschek. Hoffmann, Stuttgart 1851, pp. 279-292. Digitized
  • Anonymous [Ludwig Simon]: Life and work of Sr. Majesty Friedrich Wilhelm the Fourth, King of Prussia. First part: Speeches and toasts, Sr. Majesty , Leipzig 1855.
  • From exile . 2 vols., Ricker, Gießen 1855. Digitized
  • Germany and its two great powers . In: Democratic Studies. Edited by Ludwig Walesrode . Volume 1. Otto Meißner, Hamburg 1860, pp. 203-230. MDZ reader
  • Anonymous [Ludwig Simon]: So spoke the king. Speeches, toasts, proclamations, messages, cabinet orders, decrees etc. Friedrich Wilhelm IV., King of Prussia. Memories from and about the life and government history from 1840-1854 in a systematically arranged compilation. With the portrait of his majesty. New, much increased and completed, cheaper edition , Stuttgart 1861. Digitized
  • My desertion. A picture of the times within the framework of the Prussian divine grace . Self-published (In Coõn by R. Baist.), Frankfurt am Main 1862. MDZ Reader
  • Political and international law. The Alsace-Lorraine question. Report to the Peace and Freedom League at their Lausanne Congress on September 29, 1871 . Fiala, Bern 1871.

literature

  • Heinz-Günther Böse: Ludwig Simon von Trier. (1819-1872). Life and beliefs of a Rhenish forty-eight. 1951, (Mainz, University, dissertation, 1951, typewritten).
  • Heinz-Günther Böse: 100 years ago Ludwig Simon von Trier died in exile. In: New Trierisches Jahrbuch. Vol. 12, 1972, ISSN  0077-7765 , pp. 37-48.
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume 1: Politicians. Sub-Volume 5: R – S. Winter, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-8253-1256-9 , pp. 442-444.
  • Johann August Ritter von Eisenhart :  Simon von Trier, Ludwig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 34, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1892, pp. 377-379. (not reliable)
  • Klara van Eyll : Palatia. 150 years Corps Palatia Bonn 1838–1988. Old gentlemen's association of the Corps Palatia, Bonn 1988, p. 16 f.
  • Jens Fachbach: Ludwig Simon von Trier (1819–1872). 48er, exile, European. A picture of life . Stadtmuseum Bonn, Bonn 2018, ISBN 9783931878535
  • Gunther Hildebrand : Ludwig Simon. In: Men of the Revolution of 1848. Verlag das Europäische Buch, Berlin 1970, ISBN 3-920303-46-6 , pp. 329–343.
  • Christian Jansen :  Simon, Ludwig Gerhard Gustav. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 439 ( digitized version ).
  • Max Moser: Ludwig Simon's idea of ​​progress. In: Werner Näf (Ed.): Germany and Switzerland in their cultural and political relationships during the first half of the 19th century. 5 investigations (= Berner investigations on general history. H. 9, ZDB -ID 503366-4 ). Lang, Bern 1936, pp. 129–144.
  • Simon, Ludwig Gerhard Gustav. In: Heinrich Best , Wilhelm Weege: Biographical Handbook of the Members of the Frankfurt National Assembly 1848/49. Droste, Düsseldorf 1998, ISBN 3-7700-0919-3 , pp. 320–321.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Later (1896) renamed Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium .
  2. ^ Klara van Eyll : 150 years Corps Palatia Bonn 1838–1988 . Bonn 1988, p. 16.
  3. ↑ Entry on Zweiffel, Karl Hermann in the Rhineland-Palatinate personal database , accessed on November 30, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Christian Jansen: Ludwig Simon, Arnold Ruge and Friedrich Wilhelm IV. On the self-image of the protagonists of the revolution and their processing of the defeat, in: Ders. / Thomas Mergel (ed.): The revolution of 1848/49. Experience, processing, interpretation (= Vandenhoeck Collection), Göttingen 1998, pp. 225–246, and Fachbach, Ludwig Simon, pp. 238–242.
  5. ↑ Gunther Hildebrandt: Ludwig Simon , p. 343.
  6. ↑ In 2010 the school was combined with a secondary school to form a comprehensive school, which was given a different name.
personal data
SURNAME Simon, Ludwig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Simon, Ludwig Gerhard Gustav (full name); Simon of Trier
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Revolutionary 1848/49 and member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
DATE OF BIRTH February 20, 1819
PLACE OF BIRTH Saarlouis
DATE OF DEATH February 2, 1872
Place of death Montreux , Switzerland